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Q235 Steel (Q235A Q235B Q235C Q235D)
Q235 steel is a plain carbon structural steel which is widely used in China, Q235 material in Chinese standard GB/T 700 is divided into 4 quality grades: Q235A, Q235B, Q235C and Q235D; Density of this steel is 7.85 g/cm3, tensile strength is 370-500 MPa; yield strength is 235 MPa (data are for steel bar or steel plate diameter ≤ 16mm). Since it’s mild steel, it is used directly without heat treatment.
Meaning and Designation
“Q” is the first letter of Chinese spelling of “Qu Fu Dian”, which means Yield Point.
“235” refers to the minimum yield strength 235 MPa tested with steel diameter ≤ 16mm.
Features and Applications
Q235 steel has good plasticity, toughness and weldability, as well as a certain strength, good cold bending performance. Q235 material is usually rolled into wire rod or round steel, square steel, flat steel, angle steel, I beam, channel steel, other sections and steel plates. These products are widely used in construction and engineering welded structures, to make steel bars or build factory buildings, high voltage transmission towers, bridges, vehicles, boilers, containers, etc., and also used as a mechanical part with less demanding performance such as less stressed rods, connecting rods, screws, nuts, ferrules, brackets, and stands, etc.
Data Sheet and Specification
The following tables show Q235A, Q235B, Q235C and Q235D steel datasheet and specification, including chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, etc.
Q235A, Q235B, Q235C, Q235D Steel Chemical Composition
The table below lists Q235 material chemical composition based on heat analysis.
| Chemical Composition (heat analysis), %, ≤ | |||||||
| Steel Grade | Quality Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Deoxidation Method |
| Q235 | Q235A | 0.22 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.050 | Rimmed / Killed |
| Q235B | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.045 | 0.045 | Rimmed / Killed | |
| Q235C | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.040 | 0.040 | Killed | |
| Q235D | 0.17 | 0.35 | 1.40 | 0.035 | 0.035 | Exceptionally Killed | |
Q235 Steel Properties
The following list summarizes Q235 steel properties including physical and mechanical properties.
Physical Properties
Notes:
- 10-6·K-1 = 10-6/K
- 1 Ω·mm²/m = 1 μΩ·m
- 1 g/cm3 = 1 kg/dm3 = 1000 kg/m3
- 1 GPa = 1 kN/mm2
- 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
| Physical Properties | |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.85 |
| Melting point, ℃ | about 1493 |
| Specific heat capacity, J/(Kg·K) | 470 at 20 ℃ |
| Electrical resistivity, μΩ·m | about 0,15 (20 ℃) |
| Elastic modulus, GPa (kN/mm2) | 200 |
| Thermal conductivity, (W/m·K) | 53-49 (0-100 ℃) |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, (10-6/K) | 11.3-11.6 (20 ℃) |
| Young’s modulus, GPa (kN/mm2) | 200 |
| Poisson’s ratio | 0.24-0.28 |
Mechanical Properties
Yield strength and tensile strength are listed in the table below.
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
| Yield Strength (MPa, ≥); Thickness or Dia. (d) mm | Tensile Strength (MPa) | ||||||
| Steel Grade | Quality | d≤16 | 16< d ≤40 | 40< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 | d≤100 |
| Q235 | Q235A | 235 | 225 | 215 | 195 | 185 | 370-500 |
| Q235B | |||||||
| Q235C | |||||||
| Q235D | |||||||
Minimum Elongation
| Elongation (≥ %); Thickness or Dia. (d) mm | |||||
| Steel Grade | d≤40 | 40< d ≤60 | 60< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 |
| Q235 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 21 |
Minimum Charpy Impact
| Charpy impact (V notch) | |||
| Steel Grade | Quality | Temp. ℃ | Impact energy (longitudinal, ≥ J) |
| Q235 | Q235A | – | – |
| Q235B | +20 | 27 | |
| Q235C | 0 | ||
| Q235D | -20 | ||
Bending Test Results of Q235 Material
| Cold Bending Test 180° (B=2a) | |||
| Grade | Sample Orientation | Steel Dia. (d) of Curve Center | |
| d≤ 60mm | 60 | ||
| Q235 | Vertical | a | 2a |
| Horizontal | 1.5a | 2.5a | |
B= Sample Steel Width; a= Sample Diameter or Thickness.
Steel rolled with Q195 and Q235B grade rimmed steel, the thickness or diameter of which is not more than 25mm.
Q235 Steel Equivalent
S235JRG2 and S235J2G4 are old designations in EN 10025:1993, S235JRG2 is replaced by the new designation S235JR (1.0038), and S235J2G4 replaced by S235J2 (1.0117) in EN 10025-2 since 2004.
You may be interested in Q235 vs A36, SS400, S235JR & E250 Steel;
Q235 vs Q195, Q215 and Q275 Steel
Q235 material equivalent to ASTM, ISO, European EN (German DIN EN, British BS EN, French NF EN…), Japanese JIS standard.
Note: Q235 India equivalent is E250 in Indian standard IS 2062.
| Q235 steel equivalent grades | |||||||||||
| China | US | European Union | Britain (UK) | Japan | ISO | ||||||
| Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade |
| GB/T 700 | Q235A | ASTM A36/A36M; ASTM A283/A283M | A36 steel; Grade D | BS 970 Prat 1 | 080A15 | JIS G 3101; JIS G 3106 | SS400; SM400A | ||||
| GB/T 700 | Q235B | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M | A36; Grade D | DIN EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235JR (1.0038) | JIS G3101; JIS G3106 | SS400; SM400A | ||
| GB/T 700 | Q235C | ASTM A36; ASTM A283/A283M; ASTM A573/A573M | A36; Grade D; Grade 58 | DIN EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114) | JIS G3106 | SM400A, SM400B | ISO 630-2 | S235B |
| GB/T 700 | Q235D | ASTM A36; ASTM A283M | A36; Grade D | DIN EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114); S235J2 (1.0117) | BS EN 10025-2 | S235J0 (1.0114); S235J2 (1.0117) | JIS G3106 | SM400A | ISO 630-2 | S235B, S235C |
Tags: Q235A steel, Q235B steel, Q235C steel, Q235D steel
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