Introduction
EN 10028 is a European
standard series covering flat steel products for pressure purposes. Depending
on the part of the standard, EN 10028 includes carbon steel, alloy steel,
fine-grain steel, thermomechanically rolled steel, quenched and tempered steel,
and stainless steel sheets and plates.
EN 10028 carbon steel and
alloy steel plates are primarily used for pressure vessels, boilers, heat
exchangers, storage tanks, and high-temperature equipment. The stainless steel
grades covered under EN 10028-7 provide excellent corrosion resistance for
pressure equipment and chemical processing applications.
EN 10028 Steel Sheet &
Plate are supplied with controlled chemical composition, mechanical properties,
dimensional accuracy, toughness, weldability, and heat-treatment conditions
according to the applicable grade and part.
Ladhani Metal Corporation is
a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of EN 10028 Steel Sheet & Plate,
supplying carbon steel, alloy steel, pressure vessel steel, and stainless steel
products in various grades, thicknesses, widths, lengths, surface finishes, and
customized dimensions worldwide.
Applicable Standard
Standard Specification: EN
10028
Organization: European
Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Title: Flat Products Made of
Steels for Pressure Purposes
EN 10028 covers flat products
manufactured from different types of steels for pressure equipment.
Material Types Covered Under EN 10028
• Carbon Steel / Non-Alloy
Steel
• Alloy Steel
• Fine-Grain Steel
• Thermomechanically Rolled Steel
• Quenched and Tempered Steel
• Stainless Steel
• Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Heat-Resistant Alloy Steel
• Pressure Vessel Steel
Forms of Supply
• Steel Sheets
• Steel Plates
• Pressure Vessel Plates
• Boiler Plates
• Alloy Steel Plates
• Carbon Steel Plates
• Stainless Steel Plates
• Heat Exchanger Plates
• Hot Rolled Sheets
• Cut-to-Length Plates
• Custom Cut Sheets
Grades Covered Under EN 10028
EN 10028-2 – Non-Alloy and Alloy Steels
P235GH | P265GH | P295GH |
P355GH | 16Mo3 | 13CrMo4-5 | 10CrMo5-5 | 12CrMo9-10
EN 10028-3 – Weldable Fine-Grain Steels
P275N | P275NH | P275NL1 |
P275NL2 | P355N | P355NH | P355NL1 | P355NL2 | P460N | P460NH | P460NL1 |
P460NL2
EN 10028-4 – Nickel Alloy Steels
13MnNi6-3 | 12Ni14 | 15NiMn6
| 12Ni19 | 11MnNi5-3
EN 10028-5 – Thermomechanically Rolled Steels
P275M | P275ML | P355M |
P355ML | P420M | P420ML | P460M | P460ML
EN 10028-6 – Quenched and Tempered Steels
P460Q | P460QL1 | P460QL2 |
P500Q | P500QL1 | P500QL2 | P690Q | P690QL1 | P690QL2 | P890Q | P890QL1 |
P890QL2 | P960Q | P960QL1 | P960QL2
EN 10028-7 – Stainless Steels
X5CrNi18-10 | X2CrNi19-11 |
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | X6CrNiTi18-10 |
X2CrNiN18-10 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3
Supply Condition
• Hot Rolled Condition
• Normalized Condition
• Normalized and Tempered Condition
• Quenched and Tempered Condition
• Thermomechanically Rolled Condition
• Solution Annealed Condition
• Cold Rolled Condition
• Pickled and Passivated Condition
Surface Finish
• Hot Rolled Finish
• Cold Rolled Finish
• Mill Finish
• Pickled Finish
• Passivated Finish
• Shot Blasted Finish
• Smooth Finish
• Polished Finish
Standard Sizes
Steel Sheets & Plates
Thickness: 3 mm to 300 mm
Width: Up to 3,500 mm
Length: Up to 12,000 mm
Custom thicknesses, widths,
lengths, cut sizes, surface finishes, and edge conditions are available
according to customer requirements.
Chemical Composition of EN 10028
|
Steel name |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P max. |
S max. |
Alₜₒₜₐₗ |
N |
Cr |
Cuᵇ |
Mo |
Nb |
Ni |
Ti max. |
V |
Others |
|
P235GH |
≤
0,16 |
≤
0,35 |
0,60ᶜ
to 1,20 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
≥
0,020 |
≤
0,012ᵈ |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,08 |
≤
0,020 |
≤
0,30 |
0,03 |
≤
0,02 |
|
|
P265GH |
≤
0,20 |
≤
0,40 |
0,80ᶜ
to 1,40 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
≥
0,020 |
≤
0,012ᵈ |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,08 |
≤
0,020 |
≤
0,30 |
0,03 |
≤
0,02 |
|
|
P295GH |
0,08
to 0,20 |
≤
0,40 |
0,90ᶜ
to 1,50 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
≥
0,020 |
≤
0,012ᵈ |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,08 |
≤
0,020 |
≤
0,30 |
0,03 |
≤
0,02 |
|
|
P355GH |
0,10
to 0,22 |
≤
0,60 |
1,10
to 1,70 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
≥
0,020 |
≤
0,012ᵈ |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,08 |
≤
0,040 |
≤
0,30 |
0,03 |
≤
0,02 |
Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni:
≤ 0,70 |
|
16Mo3 |
0,12
to 0,20 |
≤
0,35 |
0,40
to 0,90 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,30 |
0,25
to 0,35 |
- |
≤
0,30 |
- |
- |
- |
|
18MnMo4-5 |
≤
0,20 |
≤
0,40 |
0,90
to 1,50 |
0,015 |
0,005 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
≤
0,30 |
≤
0,30 |
0,45
to 0,60 |
- |
≤
0,30 |
- |
- |
- |
|
20MnMoNi4-5 |
0,15
to 0,23 |
≤
0,40 |
1,00
to 1,50 |
0,020 |
0,010 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
≤
0,20 |
≤
0,20 |
0,45
to 0,60 |
- |
0,40
to 0,80 |
- |
≤
0,02 |
- |
|
15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 |
≤
0,17 |
0,25
to 0,50 |
0,80
to 1,20 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
≥
0,015 |
≤
0,020 |
≤
0,30 |
0,50
to 0,80 |
0,25
to 0,50 |
0,015
to 0,045 |
1,00
to 1,30 |
- |
- |
- |
|
13CrMo4-5 |
0,08
to 0,18 |
≤
0,35 |
0,40
to 1,00 |
0,025 |
0,010 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
0,70ᶠ
to 1,15 |
≤
0,30 |
0,40
to 0,60 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
13CrMoSi5-5 |
≤
0,17 |
0,50
to 0,80 |
0,40
to 0,65 |
0,015 |
0,005 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
1,00
to 1,50 |
≤
0,30 |
0,45
to 0,65 |
- |
≤
0,30 |
- |
- |
- |
|
10CrMo9-10 |
0,08
to 0,14ᵍ |
≤
0,50 |
0,40
to 0,80 |
0,020 |
0,010 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
2,00
to 2,50 |
≤
0,30 |
0,90
to 1,10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
12CrMo9-10 |
0,10
to 0,15 |
≤
0,30 |
0,30
to 0,80 |
0,015 |
0,010 |
0,010
to 0,040 |
≤
0,012 |
2,00
to 2,50 |
≤
0,25 |
0,90
to 1,10 |
- |
≤
0,30 |
- |
- |
- |
|
X12CrMo5 |
0,10
to 0,15 |
≤
0,50 |
0,30
to 0,60 |
0,020 |
0,005 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
4,0
to 6,0 |
≤
0,30 |
0,45
to 0,65 |
- |
≤
0,30 |
- |
- |
- |
|
13CrMoV9-10 |
0,11
to 0,15 |
≤
0,10 |
0,30
to 0,60 |
0,015 |
0,005 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
2,00
to 2,50 |
≤
0,20 |
0,90
to 1,10 |
≤
0,07 |
≤
0,25 |
0,03 |
0,25
to 0,35 |
B
≤ 0,002, Ca ≤ 0,015 |
|
12CrMoV12-10 |
0,10
to 0,15 |
≤
0,15 |
0,30
to 0,60 |
0,015 |
0,005 |
e |
≤
0,012 |
2,75
to 3,25 |
≤
0,25 |
0,90
to 1,10 |
≤
0,07ʰ |
≤
0,25 |
0,03ʰ |
0,20
to 0,30 |
B
≤ 0,003ʰ, Ca ≤ 0,015ʰ |
|
X10CrMoVNb9-1 |
0,08
to 0,12 |
≤
0,50 |
0,30
to 0,60 |
0,020 |
0,005 |
≤
0,040 |
0,030
to 0,070 |
8,0
to 9,5 |
≤
0,30 |
0,85
to 1,05 |
0,06
to 0,10 |
≤
0,30 |
- |
0,18
to 0,25 |
- |
Notes:
ᵃ Elements not listed in this table shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser except for finishing the cast. All appropriate measures shall be taken to prevent the addition from scrap or other materials used in steelmaking of these elements which may affect the mechanical properties and usability.
ᵇ •• A lower maximum copper content and/or a maximum sum of copper and tin content, e.g. Cu + 6 Sn ≤ 0,33%, may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order, e.g. with regard to hot formability for the grades where only a maximum copper content is specified.
ᶜ For product thicknesses ≤ 6 mm, a minimum manganese content of 0,20 % lower than specified is permitted.
ᵈ A ratio Al/N ≥ 2 shall apply.
ᵉ The Al content of the cast shall be determined and given in the inspection document.
ᶠ •• If resistance to pressurized hydrogen is of importance, a minimum content of 0,80% Cr may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
ᵍ •• For product thicknesses greater than 150 mm, a maximum content of 0,17% C may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
ʰ This grade may be produced with additions of either Ti + B or Nb + Ca. The following minimum contents shall apply: Ti ≥ 0,015 % and B ≥ 0,001 % in the case of additions of Ti + B, Nb ≥ 0,015 % and Ca ≥ 0,0005 % in the case of additions of Nb + Ca.
Mechanical Properties of EN 10028
Mechanical properties depend
on steel type, grade, thickness, heat treatment, and delivery condition.
Carbon & Alloy Steel
|
Grade |
Yield Strength MPa |
Tensile Strength MPa |
Elongation % |
|
P235GH |
≥235 |
360–480 |
≥25 |
|
P265GH |
≥265 |
410–530 |
≥23 |
|
P295GH |
≥295 |
440–570 |
≥22 |
|
P355GH |
≥355 |
510–650 |
≥20 |
|
16Mo3 |
≥280 |
440–590 |
≥22 |
|
13CrMo4-5 |
≥300 |
440–590 |
≥22 |
|
10CrMo5-5 |
≥355 |
500–650 |
≥20 |
|
12CrMo9-10 |
≥390 |
590–760 |
≥18 |
Key Features of EN 10028 Steel Sheet & Plate
• Excellent pressure
resistance
• High mechanical strength
• Good toughness
• Excellent elevated-temperature performance
• Good weldability
• Excellent corrosion resistance with stainless steel grades
• Good oxidation resistance
• High dimensional accuracy
• Controlled chemical composition
• Suitable for pressure equipment
Applications of EN 10028 Steel Sheet & Plate
Pressure Vessel Industry
• Pressure Vessels
• Storage Tanks
• Reactor Vessels
• Process Vessels
• High-Pressure Equipment
Power Generation Industry
• Boilers
• Steam Drums
• Heat Exchangers
• Power Plant Equipment
• Pressure Components
Petrochemical Industry
• Refinery Equipment
• Process Vessels
• Storage Tanks
• Heat Exchangers
• Chemical Processing Equipment
Chemical Industry
• Chemical Reactors
• Process Tanks
• Chemical Vessels
• Heat Transfer Equipment
• Pressure Equipment
Oil & Gas Industry
• Pressure Equipment
• Separators
• Processing Equipment
• Storage Equipment
• Refinery Components
Stainless Steel Applications
• Corrosive Process Equipment
• Chemical Processing Equipment
• Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels
• Heat Exchangers
• Food and Pharmaceutical Equipment
Fabrication and Welding
EN 10028 sheets and plates
provide good fabrication and welding characteristics according to the selected
material grade.
• Suitable for welding
• Good bending characteristics
• Suitable for forming
• Good machining characteristics
• Suitable for pressure vessel fabrication
• Excellent dimensional stability
• Reliable welded joint performance
Appropriate welding
procedures should be selected according to the material grade, thickness,
heat-treatment condition, and service requirements.
Heat Treatment
Heat treatment depends on the
specific EN 10028 part and selected grade.
• Normalizing refines the
microstructure
• Annealing improves ductility
• Tempering improves toughness
• Quenching and tempering provides high strength
• Thermomechanical rolling improves mechanical properties
• Solution annealing provides corrosion resistance in stainless steel
• Controlled heat treatment provides uniform properties
Advantages of EN 10028 Steel Sheet & Plate
• Available in carbon steel,
alloy steel, and stainless steel
• Excellent pressure-bearing capability
• High mechanical strength
• Good toughness
• Excellent weldability
• Excellent elevated-temperature performance
• Superior corrosion resistance with stainless grades
• Wide range of pressure vessel grades
• High dimensional accuracy
• Reliable long-term service performance
Conclusion
EN 10028 Steel Sheet &
Plate is a comprehensive range of pressure-purpose flat steel products covering
carbon steel, non-alloy steel, alloy steel, fine-grain steel,
thermomechanically rolled steel, quenched and tempered steel, and stainless steel.
The different parts of EN 10028 provide grades with specific combinations of
strength, toughness, weldability, high-temperature performance, and corrosion
resistance.
Ladhani Metal Corporation
supplies EN 10028 Steel Sheet & Plate in carbon steel, alloy steel,
pressure vessel steel, and stainless steel grades, including P235GH, P265GH,
P355GH, 16Mo3, 13CrMo4-5, P355N, P460N, P355M, P460Q, X5CrNi18-10, X2CrNi19-11,
and other applicable grades in various thicknesses, widths, lengths, surface
finishes, and customized dimensions.
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