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Introduction
ASTM
A176-99 covers chromium stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip designed for
heat-resisting and corrosion-resisting applications. These materials primarily
include ferritic and martensitic stainless steels, known for their excellent
oxidation resistance, good thermal stability, and reliable mechanical strength
at elevated temperatures.
These
grades are widely used in environments requiring resistance to scaling, heat
exposure, and moderate corrosion, making them suitable for high-temperature
industrial applications.
Ladhani
Metal Corporation is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of ASTM A176-99
stainless steel sheets, plates, and strips, offering a wide range of chromium
grades for industrial and thermal applications.
Applicable Standard
- Standard
Specification: ASTM A176-99
- Organization:
ASTM International
- Title:
Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium Steel
Plate, Sheet, and Strip
This
specification applies to flat-rolled chromium stainless steels intended for
oxidation resistance and high-temperature service.
Forms of Supply
ASTM
A176-99 stainless steel is available in the following forms:
- Sheets
- Plates
- Strips
- Coils
- Cut-to-length
sheets
Supply Conditions
- Hot
rolled condition
- Cold
rolled condition
- Annealed
condition
- Hardened
and tempered condition (for martensitic grades)
Surface Finishes
- No.1
finish (hot rolled, annealed, pickled)
- 2B
finish (cold rolled, annealed, pickled)
- BA
finish (bright annealed)
- Polished
finishes (as required)
Standard Sizes
- Thickness:
0.5 mm to 50 mm
- Width:
Up to 2000 mm or more
- Length:
As per customer requirement
Grades Covered
Under ASTM A176-99
Type
403 | 420 | 422 | 431 | 442 | 446
These
grades include both martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, each offering
different mechanical and heat-resisting characteristics.
Chemical
Requirements (%)
|
Type |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
N |
Other Elements |
|
403 |
0.15 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
0.50 |
11.5–13.0 |
0.60 |
— |
— |
|
420 |
0.15 min |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
12.0–14.0 |
0.75 |
— |
Mo 0.50 max |
|
422 |
0.20–0.25 |
0.50–1.00 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.50 |
11.0–12.5 |
0.50–1.00 |
— |
Mo 0.90–1.25, V 0.20–0.30, W 0.90–1.25 |
|
431 |
0.20 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
15.0–17.0 |
1.25–2.50 |
— |
— |
|
442 |
0.20 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.040 |
1.00 |
18.0–23.0 |
0.60 |
— |
— |
|
446 |
0.20 |
1.50 |
0.040 |
0.030 |
1.00 |
23.0–27.0 |
0.75 |
0.25 |
— |
A. Maximum values unless
range or minimum is indicated
B. New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086
C. Terms Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) refer to the same element
Mechanical
Test Requirements
|
Type |
Tensile Strength (ksi) |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Yield Strength (ksi) |
Yield Strength (MPa) |
Elongation (%) |
Hardness (HB) |
Hardness (HRB/HRC) |
Cold Bend (deg) |
|
|
403 |
70 |
485 |
30 |
205 |
25.0 |
217 |
96 HRB |
180 |
|
|
420 |
100E |
690 |
— |
— |
15.0 |
217 |
96 HRB |
— |
|
|
422 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
248 |
24 HRC |
not required |
|
|
431 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
285 |
29 HRC |
not required |
|
|
442 |
65 |
515 |
40 |
275 |
20.0 |
217 |
96 HRB |
180 |
|
|
446 |
65 |
515 |
40 |
275 |
20.0 |
217 |
96 HRB |
135 |
NOTES
A. Maximum values unless
range or minimum is indicated
B. New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086
C. Terms Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) refer to the same element
D. Yield strength determined
by 0.2% offset method (ASTM A370)
E. “E” = minimum value unless otherwise specified
F. Bend test not required unless specified by purchaser
Martensitic grades (403, 420,
422, 431) can be heat treated for higher strength, while ferritic grades (442,
446) offer superior oxidation resistance.
Key Features of
ASTM A176 Stainless Steel
- Excellent
oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures
- Good
resistance to scaling in heat environments
- High
strength in heat-treated martensitic grades
- Good
corrosion resistance in mild environments
- Suitable
for high-temperature structural applications
- Ferritic
grades offer excellent thermal stability
- Martensitic
grades provide high hardness and wear resistance
Heat Resistance and
Corrosion Resistance
ASTM
A176 steels are specifically designed for elevated temperature service.
- Ferritic
grades like 442 and 446 provide excellent oxidation resistance at high
temperatures
- Martensitic
grades offer strength along with moderate corrosion resistance
- High
chromium content improves resistance to scaling and oxidation
These
steels are suitable for both continuous and intermittent high-temperature
exposure.
Applications of
ASTM A176 Stainless Steel Sheet, Plate & Strip
ASTM
A176 stainless steels are widely used in industries requiring heat resistance
and durability.
Power Generation
- Boiler
components
- Heat
exchangers
- Turbine
parts
Furnace and Heat Treatment Industry
- Furnace
linings
- Heat
shields
- Burners
Petrochemical Industry
- Process
equipment
- Refinery
components
Automotive Industry
- Exhaust
systems
- High-temperature
components
Industrial Equipment
- Kilns
- Thermal
processing equipment
- Structural
components exposed to heat
Conclusion
ASTM
A176-99 stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip provide reliable performance in
high-temperature and oxidation-prone environments. With a combination of
ferritic and martensitic chromium grades, this specification offers flexibility
for both strength and heat resistance requirements.
Ladhani Metal Corporation supplies ASTM A176-99 stainless steel sheets, plates, and strips in multiple grades and sizes, ensuring high-quality materials for industrial, thermal, and engineering applications.
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