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Introduction
ASTM A645
/ A645M covers specially heat-treated 5% nickel alloy steel plates intended for
welded pressure vessels and storage tanks operating at low and cryogenic
temperatures. These plates are manufactured with controlled alloy chemistry and
heat treatment processes to provide excellent toughness, strength, weldability,
and impact resistance under severe low-temperature service conditions.
ASTM A645
alloy steel plates are widely used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage
tanks, cryogenic vessels, pressure vessels, refrigerated process equipment,
petrochemical plants, gas processing facilities, and low-temperature industrial
applications. The addition of nickel significantly improves low-temperature
toughness while maintaining excellent mechanical strength and fabrication
characteristics.
Due to
their outstanding notch toughness and resistance to brittle fracture, ASTM A645
plates are commonly selected for critical pressure-containing equipment where
safety and reliability are essential.
Ladhani
Metal Corporation is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of ASTM A645 /
A645M Alloy Steel Plates, supplying premium-quality 5% nickel alloy steel
plates for pressure vessel, cryogenic, and industrial engineering applications
worldwide.
Applicable Standard
Standard
Specification: ASTM A645 / A645M
Organization:
ASTM International
Title:
Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Five Percent Nickel Alloy
Steel, Specially Heat Treated
This
specification covers specially heat-treated 5% nickel alloy steel plates
intended for welded pressure vessels and low-temperature service applications.
Forms of Supply
ASTM A645
steel products are supplied in the following forms:
• Alloy
steel plates
• Nickel alloy steel plates
• Pressure vessel plates
• Cryogenic steel plates
• Storage tank plates
• Heavy thickness plates
• Hot rolled plates
• Cut-to-size plates
• CNC-cut plates
• Flame-cut plates
• Fabrication-ready plates
• Custom-sized plates
Grades Covered Under
ASTM A645 / A645M
• ASTM
A645 Grade A
• ASTM A645 Grade B
Supply Condition
•
Specially heat treated
• Normalized
• Quenched and tempered
• Stress relieved (when specified)
• Fabrication-ready condition
Surface Finish
• Mill
finish
• Hot rolled finish
• Shot blasted finish
• Pickled finish
• Ground finish
• Fabrication finish
Standard Sizes
Plates
Thickness:
6 mm to 150 mm
Width:
1000 mm to 4000 mm
Length:
Up to 12000 mm
Custom
dimensions and processed plate components are available according to customer
requirements.
Chemical Composition
of ASTM A645 / A645M
|
Grade |
Carbon,
max |
Manganese |
Phosphorus,
max |
Sulfur,
max |
Silicon |
Nickel |
Chromium |
Molybdenum |
Aluminum,
total |
Nitrogen,
max |
|
Grade A |
0.15 |
0.25–0.66 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.18–0.45 |
4.7–5.3 |
— |
0.17–0.38 |
0.01–0.16 |
0.025 |
|
Grade B |
0.13 |
0.84–1.59 |
0.025 |
0.015 |
0.13–0.33ᵃ |
4.9–6.1 |
0.06–1.05 |
0.09–0.33 |
0.015–0.06 |
0.010 |
Note A:
The specified minimum limit does not apply if the total aluminum is 0.030%
or more, or if
the acid-soluble aluminum content is 0.025% or more
Mechanical
Properties
|
Grade |
Yield Strength, min, ksi [MPa] |
Tensile Strength, ksi [MPa] |
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], min, % |
|
Grade A |
65 [450] |
95–115 [655–795] |
20 |
|
Grade B |
85 [590] |
100–120 [690–830] |
20 |
Note A:
Yield strength determined at 0.2% offset, or if agreed between the purchaser
and manufacturer, at 0.5% extension under load.
Note B:
Elongation values are based on % extension under load.
Key Features of ASTM
A645 / A645M Plates
•
Excellent low-temperature toughness
• Superior impact resistance
• High mechanical strength
• Excellent resistance to brittle fracture
• Outstanding weldability
• Reliable cryogenic performance
• Uniform mechanical properties
• Excellent structural integrity
• Suitable for pressure vessel applications
• Long service life
Applications of ASTM
A645 / A645M Plates
LNG Industry
• LNG
storage tanks
• LNG transportation equipment
• Cryogenic storage systems
• LNG processing facilities
Pressure Vessel Industry
•
Pressure vessels
• Process vessels
• Cryogenic vessels
• Storage vessels
Petrochemical Industry
• Gas
processing equipment
• Cryogenic process units
• Storage systems
• Process reactors
Oil and Gas Industry
•
Refrigerated storage tanks
• Low-temperature process equipment
• Gas separation systems
• Production facilities
Industrial Gas Industry
• Liquid
oxygen storage tanks
• Liquid nitrogen tanks
• Liquid argon storage systems
• Cryogenic containers
Power and Energy Industry
• Energy
storage systems
• Industrial process equipment
• Cryogenic handling systems
• Specialized engineering projects
Fabrication and Welding
ASTM A645
alloy steel plates offer excellent fabrication characteristics and can be
processed using conventional manufacturing methods.
•
Suitable for conventional welding processes
• Good forming and bending properties
• Excellent notch toughness after fabrication
• Good machinability
• Suitable for heavy fabrication work
• Reliable performance in welded structures
Proper
welding procedures and preheating practices should be followed where required
to maintain toughness and mechanical properties.
Heat Treatment
ASTM A645
plates are supplied in specially heat-treated conditions to achieve the
required mechanical properties.
•
Normalizing refines grain structure
• Quenching improves strength and toughness
• Tempering enhances ductility and toughness
• Stress relieving may be performed after fabrication
• Controlled heat treatment ensures uniform performance
Advantages of ASTM
A645 / A645M Plates
•
Exceptional cryogenic toughness
• High resistance to brittle fracture
• Excellent pressure vessel performance
• Superior weldability
• Reliable low-temperature service capability
• Long operational life
• Consistent mechanical properties
• Suitable for critical engineering applications
• Excellent structural reliability
• Cost-effective solution for cryogenic equipment
Conclusion
ASTM A645
/ A645M Alloy Steel Plates are specially heat-treated 5% nickel alloy steel
plates developed for pressure vessels, storage tanks, and cryogenic
applications requiring exceptional low-temperature toughness and structural
reliability. Their excellent strength, impact resistance, and weldability make
them ideal for LNG facilities, industrial gas storage systems, petrochemical
plants, and pressure-containing equipment operating under demanding conditions.
Ladhani Metal Corporation
supplies ASTM A645 / A645M alloy steel plates in various grades, thicknesses,
and customized dimensions, providing dependable material solutions for cryogenic,
pressure vessel, and industrial engineering applications worldwide.
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