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Introduction
ISO 9327 specifies technical
delivery conditions for steel forgings and rolled or forged bars intended for
pressure purposes. The ISO 9327 series covers several steel categories,
including non-alloy and alloy steels, nickel steels, weldable fine-grain
steels, and austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels.
For commercial supply, ISO
9327 bars may therefore be classified broadly as carbon/non-alloy steel bars,
alloy steel bars and stainless steel bars, depending on the applicable part and
grade.
The current published ISO
9327 editions date from 1999, while ISO has active revisions under development
for Parts 1–4 and a revision of Part 5. The existing 1999 editions remain the
published standards until the respective revisions are formally issued.
Ladhani Metal Corporation
supplies ISO 9327 rolled and forged bars in required grades, dimensions,
heat-treatment conditions and surface finishes.
Applicable Standard
The ISO 9327 series consists
of five parts:
|
Part |
Standard |
Steel Category |
|
ISO
9327-1 |
General
requirements |
General
technical delivery conditions |
|
ISO
9327-2 |
Non-alloy
and alloy Mo, Cr and CrMo steels |
Elevated-temperature
pressure applications |
|
ISO
9327-3 |
Nickel
steels |
Low-temperature
pressure applications |
|
ISO
9327-4 |
Weldable
fine-grain steels |
High
proof strength |
|
ISO
9327-5 |
Stainless
steels |
Austenitic
and austenitic-ferritic steels |
ISO 9327-1 provides the
general delivery requirements, while Parts 2 to 5 specify the particular steel
groups.
Material Type
ISO 9327 covers:
- Carbon / Non-Alloy Steel Bars
- Alloy Steel Bars
- Cr-Mo Steel Bars
- Nickel Steel Bars
- Fine-Grain Steel Bars
- Stainless Steel Bars
- Austenitic Stainless Steel Bars
- Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel
Bars
- Rolled Steel Bars
- Forged Steel Bars
- Pressure-Purpose Steel Bars
ISO 9327 is specifically
intended for pressure-purpose materials rather than general commercial bar
products.
Forms of Supply
- Rolled Steel Bars
- Forged Steel Bars
- Round Bars
- Flat Bars
- Square Bars
- Rectangular Bars
- Heavy Forged Bars
- Open-Die Forged Bars
- Ring-Rolled Products
- Closed-Die Forgings
- Cut-to-Length Bars
- Machined Bars
ISO 9327-1 specifically
includes rolled or forged bars and forgings, with forgings including open-die
forgings, ring-rolled products and closed-die forgings.
ISO 9327-1
– General Requirements
ISO 9327-1 establishes the
general technical delivery conditions for forgings and rolled or forged bars
used for pressure purposes.
It covers materials
including:
- Non-Alloy and Alloy Ferritic Steels
- Martensitic Steels
- Nickel Steels
- Weldable Fine-Grain Steels
- Austenitic Steels
- Austenitic-Ferritic Steels
The standard also works
together with ISO 404 for general technical delivery requirements unless
otherwise specified.
ISO 9327-2
– Carbon, Alloy and Cr-Mo Steel Bars
Elevated Temperature Pressure Steels
ISO 9327-2 covers non-alloy
and alloy steels containing elements such as molybdenum and chromium-molybdenum
with specified elevated-temperature properties.
It applies to forgings and
rolled or forged bars with thicknesses up to 250 mm, with some products covered
up to 500 mm.
Typical Steel Categories
- Carbon Steel
- Mo Steel
- Cr Steel
- Cr-Mo Steel
- High-Temperature Pressure Steel
Typical Grades
The ISO 9327-2 grade system
includes pressure-purpose alloy steels such as:
- 16Mo3
- 13CrMo4-5
- 10CrMo5-5
- 12CrMo9-10
- X10CrMoVNb9-1
The current revision under
development adds further grades and revises some grade designations and
chemical limits. Therefore, the grade and edition should be specified on the
purchase order.
ISO 9327-3
– Nickel Steel Bars
Low-Temperature Pressure Steels
ISO 9327-3 covers nickel
steels having specified low-temperature properties.
It applies to forgings and
rolled or forged bars up to 50 mm thickness and specifies chemical composition,
tensile properties, heat-treatment condition and minimum impact energy
requirements.
Material Type
- Nickel Alloy Steel
- Low-Temperature Steel
- Pressure Vessel Steel
- Cryogenic-Service Steel
These steels are intended for
applications where toughness at reduced temperatures is an important
requirement.
ISO 9327-4
– Fine-Grain Steel Bars
Weldable Fine-Grain Steels with High Proof
Strength
ISO 9327-4 covers weldable
fine-grain steels with high proof strength for pressure applications.
The published ISO 9327-4:1999
covers forgings and rolled or forged bars up to 250 mm thickness. The grades
are classified into:
- P – Room Temperature Grades
- PH – Elevated Temperature Grades
- PL – Low Temperature Grades
- PLH – Low and Elevated Temperature
Grades
The standard specifies
chemical composition, tensile properties, impact energy and
elevated-temperature proof strength.
A revised ISO/DIS 9327-4 is
currently under development and will replace ISO 9327-4:1999 when published.
ISO 9327-5
– Stainless Steel Bars
Austenitic and Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless
Steels
ISO 9327-5 covers forgings
and rolled or forged bars manufactured from austenitic and austenitic-ferritic
stainless steels for pressure purposes.
The standard specifies:
- Chemical Composition
- Tensile Properties
- Heat-Treatment Condition
- Product Analysis Tolerances
- Elevated-Temperature Proof Strength
- Pressure-Purpose Requirements
Stainless Steel Categories
- Austenitic Stainless Steel Bars
- Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel
Bars
- Stainless Steel Forgings
- Pressure-Purpose Stainless Bars
A revision of ISO 9327-5 is
currently under development.
Chemical Composition
Chemical composition varies
substantially between the five parts and individual grades.
Carbon and Alloy Steel
Important alloying elements
can include:
- Carbon
- Silicon
- Manganese
- Chromium
- Molybdenum
- Nickel
- Vanadium
- Niobium
Cr-Mo grades are particularly
used where elevated-temperature strength and pressure-service performance are
required.
Nickel Steel
Nickel is the principal
alloying element used to obtain the required low-temperature toughness.
Fine-Grain Steel
Fine-grain grades use controlled
microalloying additions such as:
- Aluminium
- Niobium
- Vanadium
- Titanium
Stainless Steel
Austenitic and
austenitic-ferritic grades contain significant chromium and, depending on
grade, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen and other alloying elements.
Exact chemical limits should
always be taken from the applicable ISO 9327 part and grade table.
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical requirements
depend on the applicable grade, product thickness and delivery condition.
Specified properties can
include:
- Yield Strength
- Tensile Strength
- Elongation
- Impact Toughness
- Elevated-Temperature Proof Strength
- Stress-Rupture Properties
- 1% Creep/Plastic-Strain Strength
where applicable
ISO 9327-2 includes
elevated-temperature proof strength, estimated stress-rupture properties and
estimated strength values for 1% plastic strain.
Delivery Conditions
ISO 9327 bars can be supplied
in heat-treatment conditions appropriate to the selected grade, including:
- Normalized
- Normalized and Tempered
- Quenched and Tempered
- Annealed
- Solution Annealed
- As Rolled where permitted
- Heat Treated as specified
The appropriate delivery
condition depends on the individual ISO 9327 part and steel grade.
Surface Finish
ISO 9327 bars can be supplied
with suitable surface conditions such as:
- Hot-Rolled Surface
- Forged Surface
- Peeled Surface
- Machined Surface
- Bright Surface
- Ground Surface
- Pickled Surface for stainless steel
- Descaled Surface
Special surface requirements
can be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.
Standard Sizes
ISO 9327 covers rolled and
forged bars in dimensions appropriate to the applicable grade and part.
- Round Bars: Various diameters
- Flat Bars: Various widths and
thicknesses
- Square Bars: Various sizes
- Rectangular Bars: Various dimensions
- Forged Bars: Heavy and large
dimensions
- Length: Standard or cut-to-length
- Custom Sizes: Available by
agreement
Maximum thickness varies by
part. For example, ISO 9327-3 covers bars up to 50 mm, while ISO 9327-4 covers
bars up to 250 mm under the published editions.
Key Features
- Pressure-purpose steel
- Rolled and forged bar availability
- Carbon and alloy steel options
- Cr-Mo steel options
- Nickel steel options
- Fine-grain steel options
- Austenitic stainless steel options
- Austenitic-ferritic stainless steel
options
- Elevated-temperature grades
- Low-temperature grades
- High-strength grades
- Controlled heat-treatment
conditions
Applications
Pressure Equipment
- Pressure Vessels
- Boilers
- Pressure Equipment
- Process Equipment
- Heat-Generating Equipment
- High-Pressure Components
Power Generation
- Steam Equipment
- Boiler Components
- Turbine Components
- High-Temperature Pressure
Components
- Power Plant Fabrication
Petrochemical Industry
- Refinery Equipment
- Process Vessels
- Pressure Components
- High-Temperature Equipment
- Chemical Processing Equipment
Oil and Gas
- Pressure Equipment
- Process Components
- High-Pressure Systems
- Low-Temperature Components
- Forged Pressure Parts
Cryogenic Applications
Nickel steel grades covered
by ISO 9327-3 are used where specified low-temperature toughness is required.
Fabrication and Machining
ISO 9327 bars can be cut,
forged, machined, drilled, turned and fabricated according to the selected
grade and delivery condition.
High-alloy and stainless
grades may require specific machining parameters. Cr-Mo and high-strength
grades can require controlled preheating, welding consumables and post-weld
heat treatment depending on the fabrication procedure.
Heat Treatment
Heat-treatment requirements
depend on the ISO 9327 part and grade.
Typical treatments include:
- Annealing
- Normalizing
- Tempering
- Quenching
- Quenching and Tempering
- Solution Annealing
- Stress Relieving
Heat treatment is
particularly important for Cr-Mo alloy steels, fine-grain steels and stainless
steel grades.
Advantages
- Designed specifically for pressure
applications
- Wide range of steel categories
- Carbon and alloy steel options
- Stainless steel options
- High-temperature service capability
- Low-temperature service capability
- High proof-strength grades
- Good weldability in suitable grades
- Rolled and forged product
availability
- Suitable for heavy engineering
- Suitable for pressure equipment
fabrication
Current Standard Status
The published ISO 9327 parts
are dated 1999 and have been reviewed subsequently. ISO currently lists
revisions under development for Parts 1–4, while the existing published
editions remain the applicable published standards until replaced.
In 2026, ISO/DIS 9327-1,
ISO/DIS 9327-2, ISO/DIS 9327-3 and ISO/DIS 9327-4 are under development.
ISO/DIS 9327-4 is at the DIS stage and is intended to replace ISO 9327-4:1999.
Conclusion
ISO 9327 covers steel
forgings and rolled or forged bars for pressure purposes across
carbon/non-alloy steels, alloy steels, nickel steels, fine-grain steels and
stainless steels. The series is divided into five parts, with ISO 9327-2
addressing elevated-temperature non-alloy and alloy steels, ISO 9327-3
addressing nickel steels for low-temperature service, ISO 9327-4 covering
weldable fine-grain steels with high proof strength and ISO 9327-5 covering
austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels.
Ladhani Metal Corporation
supplies ISO 9327 rolled and forged bars in required carbon steel, alloy steel
and stainless steel grades, dimensions, heat-treatment conditions and surface
finishes, with mill test certificates and inspection documentation as required.
FOR REQUIREMENT OF THIS GRADE OR FOR DETAIL CONTACT US AT :-
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