'sealing methods'

Product Name: titanium grade 2 elbows Standard: ASME B16.9 Material: Titanium Gr2 Outer Diameter: 1/2"-48" Wall Thickness: Sch5s-Sch160s Technique: Seamless/Welded Titanium grade 2 elbows An elbow is a pipe fitting used at the turn of a pipe. Among all the pipe fittings used in the pipeline system, the proportion is the largest, about 80%. Generally, different forming processes are selected for elbows with different materials or wall thickness. PRODUCT TYPE Long radious elbow(LR elbow), short radious elbow(SR elbow), seamless elbow, butt welding elbow, carbon steel elbow(CS elbow), mild steel elbow(MS elbow), alloy steel elbow(AS elbow),stainless steel elbow(SS elbow), ( 15deg, 30deg, 45deg, 90deg, 180deg) SIZE: NPS1/2”-120”(DN15-3000) WALL THICKNESS: SCH5S/10S, SCH20/40/80/160, STD/XS/XXS, SGP……. MATERIAL: Titanium Gr2 STANDARD: ANSI B 16.9/ANSI B16.28/MSS SP43/MSS P75/JIS2311/JIS 2312/JIS2313/DIN2605 etc… We can also produce according to drawing by customers. SURFACE TREATMENT: Pickled PACKING: plywood cases, pallets, nylon bags or according to the customers' requirements TRADE TERM: FOB, CNF&CFR, CIF APPLICATION: Chemical industry, petroleum industry, construction industry, power industry, gas industry, shipbuilding ,domestic installation and other CERTIFICATES: ISO-9001:2015 LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMBAI, INDIA Company Information Ladhani Metal Corporation. We are committed to integrate engineering steel resources in India and serve the global engineering steel market. Our company has more than 32 years of experience in steel researching, production, managing and sales. In the aspect of resources and information, we have established cooperative and stronger relationship with nearly hundred enterprises, either state-owned or private owned in India. What’s more, we have built long, deep and close business relationship with dozens of steel company, Sharing and holding equities with several steel enterprises. Because of the close cooperation with steel companies and our pioneering spirit, which can ensure us stay at the top competition, and ensure our customers get what they really want! FOR MORE DETAIL CONTACT US AT :- ladhanimetal@gmail.com ladhanimetals@gmail.com www.ladhanimetal.in www.ladhanimetal.com LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMABAI, INDIA, AVAILABLE AT FOLLOWING LOCATION:- Adilabad, Agartala, Agra, Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar, Ajmer, Akola , Aligarh , Alipore , Allahabad , Alleppey , Almora , Alwar , Alwaye , Amalapuram , Amaravati , Ambala , Amreli , Amritsar , Anakapalle , Anand , Anantapur , Andhra Pradesh , Anna Road , Arakkonam , Arunachal Pradesh , Asansol , Aska , Assam , Aurangabad , Azamgarh , Bagalkot , Bahraich , Balaghat , Balangir , Balasore , Ballia , Banasanktha , Banda , Bangalore , Bankura , Barabanki , Barabazaar , Baramulla , Barasat , Bardoli , Bareilly , Barmer , Bastar , Basti , Beawar , Beed , Begusarai , Belgaum , Bellary , Berhampur , Bhadrak , Bhagalpur , Bharatpur , Bharuch , Bhatinda , Bhavnagar , Bhilwara , Bhimavaram , Bhiwani , Bhojpur , Bhopal , Bhubaneswar , Bhusaval , Bidar , Bihar , Bijapur , Bijnor , Bikaner , Bilaspur , Birbhum , Budaun , Bulandshahar , Buldana , Burdwan , Cachar , Calcutta , Calicut , Cannanore , Chamba , Chamoli , Chandigarh , Chandrapur , Changanacherry , Channapatna , Chattisgarh , Chengalpattu , Chennai , Chhatarpur , Chhindwara , Chikmagalur , Chikodi , Chitradurga , Chittoor , Chittorgarh , Churu , Coimbatore , Contai , Cooch Behar , Cuddalore , Cuddapah , Cuttack , Darbhanga , Darjeeling , Darrang , Dehra Gopipur , Dehradun , Delhi , Delhi , Deoria , Dhanbad , Dharamsala , Dharmanagar , Dharmapuri , Dharwad , Dhenkanal , Dholpur , Dhule , Dibrugarh , Dinajpur , Dindigul , divisionname , Dungarpur , Durg , Eluru , Ernakulam , Erode , Etah , Etawah , Faizabad , Faridabad , Faridkot , Fatehgarh , Fatehpur , Ferozpur , Gadag , Gandhinagar , Gaya , Ghaziabad , Ghazipur , Giridih , Goa , Goalpara , Gokak , Gonda , Gondal , Gorakhpur , Gudivada , Gudur , Gujarat , Gulbarga , Guna , Guntur , Gurdaspur , Gurgaon , Guwahati , Gwalior , Hamirpur , Hanamkonda , Hardoi , Haryana , Hassan , Haveri , 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Product Name: Titanium grade 7 elbows Standard: ASME B16.9 Material: Gr1, Gr2, Gr7, Gr12 Unit Price: $10usd/pc-$200usd/pc Outer Diameter: 1/2"-48" Wall Thickness: Sch5s-Sch160s Technique: Seamless/Welded Functions and features: 1. Elbow is used to install between two sections of pipe or pipe allowing direction change. 2. Save space, reduce weight, with sealing function. 3. Economic reliability. Production methods of titanium elbow: 1.Hot push forming The hot pushing elbow forming process is a process of heating, expanding and bending the blank sleeved on the die under the push of the pushing machine by using a special elbow pushing machine, core die and heating device. 2.Stamping forming Stamping forming elbow is the first forming process used in batch production of seamless elbow. It has been replaced by hot pushing method or other forming processes in the production of common specifications of elbow. However, it is still used in some specifications of elbow due to special requirements for products with small production quantity, too thick or too thin wall thickness. The pipe blank equal to the outer diameter of the elbow is used for the stamping forming of the elbow, and the press is used to press directly in the die. 3.Medium plate welding Use the medium plate to make half of the elbow section with a press, and then weld the two sections together. This process is generally used for elbows above DN700. Grade 7 (Ti-0.2Pd) titanium elbow Chemical compositions(weight%,<=) Pd Al V Fe C 0.12-0.25 ---- ---- 0.30 0.08 N H O Other(total) Ti 0.05 0.015 0.2 0.4 Remainder Physical properties(>=) Σb Tensile Strength (Mpa) σr0.2 Yield Strength (Mpa) δL0+50mm Elongation (%) ψ Reduction of area (%) 370 250 20 25

A DIN 2527 AISI 4140 blind flange is a specialized type of blind flange made from AISI 4140 alloy steel, adhering to the DIN 2527 German standard. Blind flanges are crucial components in piping systems, used to seal the end of a pipe, vessel, or valve to isolate it or stop the flow of fluids. The AISI 4140 material used for this specific flange is a high-strength alloy steel known for its robustness and excellent mechanical properties, making it ideal for high-stress applications. AISI 4140, a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel, is renowned for its excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile strength, hardness, and resistance to wear. It is often used in heavy-duty applications such as in the automotive, aerospace, and oil & gas industries, where the need for robust materials is crucial. The use of AISI 4140 steel in a DIN 2527 blind flange ensures that the flange can handle high pressures, temperatures, and mechanical stresses without compromising on performance or safety. Material: AISI 4140 Alloy Steel Composition: AISI 4140 is a medium-carbon steel alloy that contains chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) as its primary alloying elements. These elements improve the steel's hardness, strength, and wear resistance. Key Properties: Strength: High tensile strength and yield strength, making it capable of withstanding high loads and stress in high-pressure applications. Toughness: Offers excellent toughness and impact resistance, making it suitable for challenging environments where forces are dynamic. Hardness: Can be heat-treated to achieve high hardness levels, providing resistance to wear and abrasion. Corrosion Resistance: While AISI 4140 is not as corrosion-resistant as stainless steel, it can still perform well in less corrosive environments with proper surface treatment (e.g., coatings or galvanizing). Design and Dimensions (DIN 2527) Shape: The blind flange is a flat, circular plate with no central hole. Its purpose is to seal the end of a pipe or vessel, effectively "closing" the pipeline or system. Bolt Holes: The flange has evenly spaced bolt holes around the perimeter, allowing it to be bolted securely to the corresponding flange or fitting in the system. These holes align with the bolt pattern of other components. Thickness: The flange thickness varies depending on the size, pressure class, and specific application requirements. It is designed to withstand internal pressure while providing a reliable seal. Pressure Rating: Flanges are typically rated according to pressure classes such as PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, etc., indicating the maximum pressure the flange can safely handle without failure. Applications Pipeline Sealing: The primary function of a blind flange is to seal the open end of a pipeline, preventing the passage of fluids, gases, or other materials through the system. System Isolation: Blind flanges are used to isolate a section of the system for maintenance or repairs, allowing for safe disconnection of parts while maintaining system integrity. Pressure Containment: AISI 4140 blind flanges are also used in applications where maintaining pressure within a system is critical. The high strength and durability of AISI 4140 make it suitable for use in high-pressure environments. Types of Blind Flanges in DIN 2527 Raised Face (RF): The flange surface has a small raised area around the bolt circle to improve sealing when mated with a gasket. Flat Face (FF): The flange surface is level with the flange body, typically used with softer gaskets to create a seal. Ring Type Joint (RTJ): The flange may feature a groove to accommodate a metal ring gasket for high-pressure applications, providing a secure, reliable seal.

A DIN 2527 AISI 8630 blind flange is a specialized type of blind flange made from AISI 8630 alloy steel, designed according to the DIN 2527 German standard. Blind flanges are essential components in industrial piping systems, used to seal the end of a pipe, vessel, or valve to isolate it or prevent the flow of fluids. The AISI 8630 material used for this specific flange provides excellent strength, toughness, and wear resistance, making it ideal for applications in high-stress environments. Material: AISI 8630 Alloy Steel AISI 8630 is a low-alloy steel, enriched with nickel, chromium, and molybdenum for enhanced mechanical properties. It is known for its strength, toughness, and resistance to wear, making it suitable for heavy-duty applications, particularly in industries where components are subjected to high stress and pressure. Composition of AISI 8630: Carbon (C): 0.30% – 0.35% Provides strength and hardness. Chromium (Cr): 0.80% – 1.10% Improves hardness, wear resistance, and high-temperature strength. Molybdenum (Mo): 0.15% – 0.25% Enhances hardenability and resistance to wear. Nickel (Ni): 0.80% – 1.20% Adds toughness, especially at lower temperatures. Other elements: Small amounts of manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and phosphorus (P), which improve the overall material quality and processing properties. Design and Dimensions (DIN 2527) Shape: The blind flange is a flat, circular plate with no central hole, designed to seal the open end of a pipe, valve, or vessel. Bolt Holes: The flange features evenly spaced bolt holes around the perimeter, which allow it to be securely attached to a matching flange or component. These holes align with the bolt pattern of the corresponding system components. Thickness: The thickness of the flange varies depending on the size and pressure rating, ensuring it can withstand internal pressure and provide a reliable seal. Pressure Rating: Pressure ratings are typically defined using classes such as PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, etc., which represent the maximum pressure the flange can safely withstand without failure. Applications of DIN 2527 AISI 8630 Blind Flange Pipeline Sealing: The primary function of the blind flange is to seal the end of a pipeline, effectively preventing the passage of fluids, gases, or other materials. System Isolation: It is used to isolate sections of the pipeline for maintenance or repairs, allowing safe disconnection without compromising the integrity of the system. Pressure Containment: The high strength and durability of AISI 8630 make it suitable for applications where maintaining pressure within the system is critical, ensuring the flange can handle high-pressure environments. Types of Blind Flanges in DIN 2527 Blind flanges conforming to DIN 2527 can be found in different face types and sealing methods, including: Raised Face (RF): The flange surface has a slight raised area around the bolt circle, improving the seal when mated with a gasket. Flat Face (FF): The surface is level with the flange body and typically used with softer gaskets to create a seal. Ring Type Joint (RTJ): This type has a groove to accommodate a metal ring gasket, providing a secure seal in high-pressure applications. Conclusion A DIN 2527 AISI 8630 blind flange is a high-strength, durable sealing component designed for high-pressure and high-stress environments. Made from AISI 8630 alloy steel, it offers excellent mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, and wear resistance, making it ideal for use in industrial systems that require reliable seals under heavy loads and elevated temperatures.

Product Name: Titanium grade 7 elbows Standard: ASME B16.9 Material: Gr1, Gr2, Gr7, Gr12 Unit Price: $10usd/pc-$200usd/pc Outer Diameter: 1/2"-48" Wall Thickness: Sch5s-Sch160s Technique: Seamless/Welded Functions and features: 1. Elbow is used to install between two sections of pipe or pipe allowing direction change. 2. Save space, reduce weight, with sealing function. 3. Economic reliability. Production methods of titanium elbow: 1.Hot push forming The hot pushing elbow forming process is a process of heating, expanding and bending the blank sleeved on the die under the push of the pushing machine by using a special elbow pushing machine, core die and heating device. 2.Stamping forming Stamping forming elbow is the first forming process used in batch production of seamless elbow. It has been replaced by hot pushing method or other forming processes in the production of common specifications of elbow. However, it is still used in some specifications of elbow due to special requirements for products with small production quantity, too thick or too thin wall thickness. The pipe blank equal to the outer diameter of the elbow is used for the stamping forming of the elbow, and the press is used to press directly in the die. 3.Medium plate welding Use the medium plate to make half of the elbow section with a press, and then weld the two sections together. This process is generally used for elbows above DN700. Grade 7 (Ti-0.2Pd) titanium elbow Chemical compositions(weight%,<=) Pd Al V Fe C 0.12-0.25 ---- ---- 0.30 0.08 N H O Other(total) Ti 0.05 0.015 0.2 0.4 Remainder Physical properties(>=) Σb Tensile Strength (Mpa) σr0.2 Yield Strength (Mpa) δL0+50mm Elongation (%) ψ Reduction of area (%) 370 250 20 25

Product Name: Titanium grade 7 elbows Standard: ASME B16.9 Material: Gr1, Gr2, Gr7, Gr12 Outer Diameter: 1/2"-48" Wall Thickness: Sch5s-Sch160s Technique: Seamless/Welded Titanium grade 7 elbows Name: Titanium elbow 90 degree 45 degree 180 degree Material: Pure titanium or Titanium alloy Gr1,GR2,GR3,GR5,GR7,GR9,GR12 Size Outer diameter: DN10- 302 Or customizable Wall thickness: 1-15mm Sch5s-Sch160 Standard: ASTM B363 Technique: Forged Quality control: the X-ray detection (RT),Surface penetrant inspection (PT) Functions and features: 1. Elbow is used to install between two sections of pipe or pipe allowing direction change. 2. Save space, reduce weight, with sealing function. 3. Economic reliability. Production methods of titanium elbow: 1.Hot push forming The hot pushing elbow forming process is a process of heating, expanding and bending the blank sleeved on the die under the push of the pushing machine by using a special elbow pushing machine, core die and heating device. 2.Stamping forming Stamping forming elbow is the first forming process used in batch production of seamless elbow. It has been replaced by hot pushing method or other forming processes in the production of common specifications of elbow. However, it is still used in some specifications of elbow due to special requirements for products with small production quantity, too thick or too thin wall thickness. The pipe blank equal to the outer diameter of the elbow is used for the stamping forming of the elbow, and the press is used to press directly in the die. 3.Medium plate welding Use the medium plate to make half of the elbow section with a press, and then weld the two sections together. This process is generally used for elbows above DN700. LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMBAI, INDIA Company Information Ladhani Metal Corporation. We are committed to integrate engineering steel resources in India and serve the global engineering steel market. Our company has more than 32 years of experience in steel researching, production, managing and sales. In the aspect of resources and information, we have established cooperative and stronger relationship with nearly hundred enterprises, either state-owned or private owned in India. What’s more, we have built long, deep and close business relationship with dozens of steel company, Sharing and holding equities with several steel enterprises. Because of the close cooperation with steel companies and our pioneering spirit, which can ensure us stay at the top competition, and ensure our customers get what they really want! FOR MORE DETAIL CONTACT US AT :- ladhanimetal@gmail.com ladhanimetals@gmail.com www.ladhanimetal.in www.ladhanimetal.com LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMABAI, INDIA, AVAILABLE AT FOLLOWING LOCATION:- Adilabad, Agartala, Agra, Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar, Ajmer, Akola , Aligarh , Alipore , Allahabad , Alleppey , Almora , Alwar , Alwaye , Amalapuram , Amaravati , Ambala , Amreli , Amritsar , Anakapalle , Anand , Anantapur , Andhra Pradesh , Anna Road , Arakkonam , Arunachal Pradesh , Asansol , Aska , Assam , Aurangabad , Azamgarh , Bagalkot , Bahraich , Balaghat , Balangir , Balasore , Ballia , Banasanktha , Banda , Bangalore , Bankura , Barabanki , Barabazaar , Baramulla , Barasat , Bardoli , Bareilly , Barmer , Bastar , Basti , Beawar , Beed , Begusarai , Belgaum , Bellary , Berhampur , Bhadrak , Bhagalpur , Bharatpur , Bharuch , Bhatinda , Bhavnagar , Bhilwara , Bhimavaram , Bhiwani , Bhojpur , Bhopal , Bhubaneswar , Bhusaval , Bidar , Bihar , Bijapur , Bijnor , Bikaner , Bilaspur , Birbhum , 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QUALITY STANDARD MATERIAL NO. OLD DESIGNATION DC03 DIN EN 10130 1.0347 St 13-03 The deep drawing grade DC03 is specified according to the standard DIN EN 10130, which focuses on cold-rolled flat products made of soft steels for cold forming. This standard defines the technical requirements and test methods for cold-rolled products used in various industrial applications, particularly where high demands are placed on surface quality and mechanical properties. DC03 is a low-carbon steel characterized by excellent cold formability. The chemical composition of DC03 is precisely defined to ensure that the material has the required mechanical properties. Typically, DC03 contains a maximum of 0.10% carbon, a maximum of 0.45% manganese and traces of phosphorus and sulphur. This small amount of alloying elements contributes to the good formability and weldability of the steel. The mechanical properties of DC03 are also clearly defined. The material has a yield strength of at least 140 MPa and a tensile strength of between 270 and 370 MPa. In addition, DC03 has an elongation at break of at least 34%, which underlines its excellent formability. These properties make DC03 particularly suitable for the production of complex components that require high precision and surface quality, such as body parts in the automotive industry or household appliances. The DIN EN 10130 standard also specifies the tolerances for dimensions, shape and surface finish. These tolerances are crucial to ensure consistently high product quality and to meet the requirements of end users. The surface of the cold-rolled flat products can be supplied in various qualities, from matt to glossy, to meet the specific requirements of different applications. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies electrolytically galvanized, cold-rolled flat steel products for cold forming, including the deep-drawing grade DC03. This standard defines the requirements for the zinc coating and the basic mechanical properties of the base material. DC03, when electrolytically galvanized in accordance with DIN EN 10152, is given an additional corrosion protection layer of zinc. This layer protects the material from oxidative influences and significantly increases the service life of the components made from it. The zinc coating can be applied in various thicknesses, depending on the specific requirements of the application. Typical coating thicknesses range from 5 to 20 µm. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the base material DC03 remain unchanged after galvanizing and meet the requirements of DIN EN 10130. DC03 therefore retains its excellent cold formability and mechanical performance. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation at break also remain in the same range as for ungalvanized DC03. In addition to mechanical performance, the quality of the zinc coating is of central importance. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies the requirements for the uniformity of the coating, the adhesive strength of the zinc and the surface quality. These requirements ensure that the galvanized products offer high corrosion resistance and an aesthetically pleasing surface. The use of DC03 in accordance with DIN EN 10152 is widespread in the automotive industry, in the construction industry and in the manufacture of household appliances, where improved corrosion resistance is required in addition to high formability. Electrolytic galvanizing offers optimum protection here without impairing the excellent mechanical properties of the base material. In summary, it can be said that the deep-drawing grade DC03 offers a wide range of applications in accordance with both DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152. While DIN EN 10130 focuses on high formability and surface quality, DIN EN 10152 supplements these properties with improved corrosion resistance thanks to the zinc coating. Both standards ensure that DC03 is a reliable and high-quality material for numerous industrial applications. Cold-rolled flat steel DC03, produced in accordance with the DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 standards, offers a number of advantages for applications in the cold forming process. While DIN EN 10130 defines the basic requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface quality, DIN EN 10152 extends these specifications to include specific conditions for electrolytically galvanized products that offer additional corrosion protection. Both standards together ensure that DC03 is a versatile material with high quality and durability.

QUALITY STANDARD MATERIAL NO. OLD DESIGNATION DC03 DIN EN 10130 1.0347 St 13-03 The deep drawing grade DC03 is specified according to the standard DIN EN 10130, which focuses on cold-rolled flat products made of soft steels for cold forming. This standard defines the technical requirements and test methods for cold-rolled products used in various industrial applications, particularly where high demands are placed on surface quality and mechanical properties. DC03 is a low-carbon steel characterized by excellent cold formability. The chemical composition of DC03 is precisely defined to ensure that the material has the required mechanical properties. Typically, DC03 contains a maximum of 0.10% carbon, a maximum of 0.45% manganese and traces of phosphorus and sulphur. This small amount of alloying elements contributes to the good formability and weldability of the steel. The mechanical properties of DC03 are also clearly defined. The material has a yield strength of at least 140 MPa and a tensile strength of between 270 and 370 MPa. In addition, DC03 has an elongation at break of at least 34%, which underlines its excellent formability. These properties make DC03 particularly suitable for the production of complex components that require high precision and surface quality, such as body parts in the automotive industry or household appliances. The DIN EN 10130 standard also specifies the tolerances for dimensions, shape and surface finish. These tolerances are crucial to ensure consistently high product quality and to meet the requirements of end users. The surface of the cold-rolled flat products can be supplied in various qualities, from matt to glossy, to meet the specific requirements of different applications. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies electrolytically galvanized, cold-rolled flat steel products for cold forming, including the deep-drawing grade DC03. This standard defines the requirements for the zinc coating and the basic mechanical properties of the base material. DC03, when electrolytically galvanized in accordance with DIN EN 10152, is given an additional corrosion protection layer of zinc. This layer protects the material from oxidative influences and significantly increases the service life of the components made from it. The zinc coating can be applied in various thicknesses, depending on the specific requirements of the application. Typical coating thicknesses range from 5 to 20 µm. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the base material DC03 remain unchanged after galvanizing and meet the requirements of DIN EN 10130. DC03 therefore retains its excellent cold formability and mechanical performance. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation at break also remain in the same range as for ungalvanized DC03. In addition to mechanical performance, the quality of the zinc coating is of central importance. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies the requirements for the uniformity of the coating, the adhesive strength of the zinc and the surface quality. These requirements ensure that the galvanized products offer high corrosion resistance and an aesthetically pleasing surface. The use of DC03 in accordance with DIN EN 10152 is widespread in the automotive industry, in the construction industry and in the manufacture of household appliances, where improved corrosion resistance is required in addition to high formability. Electrolytic galvanizing offers optimum protection here without impairing the excellent mechanical properties of the base material. In summary, it can be said that the deep-drawing grade DC03 offers a wide range of applications in accordance with both DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152. While DIN EN 10130 focuses on high formability and surface quality, DIN EN 10152 supplements these properties with improved corrosion resistance thanks to the zinc coating. Both standards ensure that DC03 is a reliable and high-quality material for numerous industrial applications. Cold-rolled flat steel DC03, produced in accordance with the DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 standards, offers a number of advantages for applications in the cold forming process. While DIN EN 10130 defines the basic requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface quality, DIN EN 10152 extends these specifications to include specific conditions for electrolytically galvanized products that offer additional corrosion protection. Both standards together ensure that DC03 is a versatile material with high quality and durability.

QUALITY STANDARD MATERIAL NO. OLD DESIGNATION DC04 DIN EN 10130 1.0338 St 14-03 The special deep-drawing grade DC04 is specified in accordance with the standard DIN EN 10130, which focuses on cold-rolled flat products made of soft steels for cold forming. This standard specifies the technical requirements and test methods for cold-rolled products that are important in numerous industrial applications, especially where high formability and excellent surface quality are required. DC04 is a low-carbon steel that impresses with its exceptional cold formability. The chemical composition of DC04 is precisely balanced to ensure that the material has the desired mechanical properties. The carbon content in DC04 is typically a maximum of 0.08 %, while the manganese content is a maximum of 0.40 %. This composition supports the high formability and weldability of the steel, making it ideal for demanding forming processes. The mechanical properties of DC04 are characterized by a low yield strength of maximum 210 MPa and a tensile strength between 270 and 350 MPa. Particularly noteworthy is the high elongation at break of at least 38%, which illustrates the excellent formability of the material. These properties make DC04 a preferred choice for the production of complex components that require high precision and surface quality, such as car body components in the automotive industry or filigree parts in the electronics industry. The DIN EN 10130 standard also specifies the tolerances for dimensions, shape and surface finish. These tolerances are crucial to ensure consistently high product quality and to meet the requirements of end users. The surface of the cold-rolled flat products can be supplied in various qualities, from matt to high-gloss, to meet the specific requirements of different applications. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies electrolytically galvanized, cold-rolled flat steel products for cold forming, including the special deep-drawing grade DC04. This standard defines the requirements for the zinc coating and the basic mechanical properties of the base material. DC04, when electrolytically galvanized in accordance with DIN EN 10152, is given an additional corrosion protection layer of zinc. This layer protects the material from oxidative influences and significantly increases the service life of the components made from it. The zinc coating can be applied in various thicknesses, depending on the specific requirements of the application. Typical coating thicknesses range from 5 to 20 µm. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the base material DC04 remain unchanged even after galvanizing and meet the requirements of DIN EN 10130. DC04 therefore retains its excellent cold formability and mechanical performance. In addition to mechanical performance, the quality of the zinc coating is of central importance. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies the requirements for the uniformity of the coating, the adhesive strength of the zinc and the surface quality. These requirements ensure that the galvanized products offer high corrosion resistance and an aesthetically pleasing surface. The use of DC04 in accordance with DIN EN 10152 is widespread in the automotive industry, the construction industry and in the manufacture of household appliances, where improved corrosion resistance is required in addition to high formability. Electrolytic galvanizing offers optimum protection here without impairing the excellent mechanical properties of the base material. DC04 and DC01 are both cold-rolled, unalloyed quality steels that are used for various industrial applications. While DC01 serves as the standard grade for general cold forming processes, DC04 is characterized by improved deep-drawing properties and higher ductility. This comparison highlights the differences between the two materials in terms of chemical composition, mechanical properties and typical applications. Chemical composition The chemical composition influences the formability and weldability of the steel. Both steels are made of carbon steel, but DC04 has a lower carbon content, which supports its improved cold formability. Thanks to the lower carbon and Sulphur content, DC04 offers improved deep-drawing capability as less intergranular embrittlement occurs. Mechanical properties The mechanical properties are decisive for the forming processes and the behavior of the steel under load. DC04 has a lower yield strength and higher elongation, which makes the material easier to form. The lower yield strength and increased minimum elongation of DC04 make this material ideal for demanding forming processes such as deep drawing.