'moderate pressures aerospace'

DIN 2633 titanium flanges PN 16 are precision-engineered weld neck flanges manufactured in accordance with the DIN 2633 standard. These flanges are designed for medium to high-pressure applications up to 16 bar (232 psi), delivering strong, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant connections in highly demanding pipeline environments. Constructed from premium-grade titanium alloys such as Grade 2 and Grade 5, they offer unmatched corrosion resistance, low density, and excellent mechanical properties, making them ideal for aggressive and weight-sensitive industrial applications. Ladhani Metal Corporation is a globally recognized manufacturer and supplier of titanium flanges, known for its technical expertise, product reliability, and adherence to stringent international specifications. Each flange undergoes meticulous quality checks to meet all applicable safety and performance standards. Pressure Rating: • PN 16 (16 bar / 232 psi): Designed for pipeline systems requiring secure, leak-free connections and outstanding corrosion protection under moderate pressure conditions. Flange Type: • Weld Neck Flanges Designed with an extended tapered hub to ensure superior structural support and reduce localized stress. Ideal for critical piping systems where fatigue resistance is essential. • Flat Face (FF) Flanges Provides an even sealing surface for use with softer gaskets or systems involving cast components, ensuring leak-proof performance and consistent compression. Titanium Grades and Full Composition: Titanium Grade 2 • Titanium (Ti): ≥ 98.8% • Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.30% • Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.25% • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.03% • Hydrogen (H): ≤ 0.015% Applications: Preferred in desalination, chemical processing, marine, and medical applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) • Titanium (Ti): Balance • Aluminum (Al): 5.5 – 6.75% • Vanadium (V): 3.5 – 4.5% • Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.40% • Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.20% • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.05% • Hydrogen (H): ≤ 0.015% Applications: Commonly used in aerospace, offshore, automotive, and industrial systems requiring high strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue resistance, and temperature stability. Applications of DIN 2633 Titanium Flanges PN 16: • Desalination Plants Highly resistant to seawater and chlorides, suitable for intake and discharge piping. • Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries Used in handling reactive or highly corrosive media where stainless steel may fail. • Aerospace and Defense Ideal for weight-sensitive applications requiring structural integrity and resistance to atmospheric conditions. • Oil and Gas Reliable in offshore platforms and downhole equipment exposed to saltwater and high pressures. • Medical Equipment Manufacturing Biocompatible properties allow safe usage in hygienic and sterile processing systems. Key Features: • Precision manufactured to DIN 2633 specifications • PN 16 pressure rating for medium to high-pressure performance • Weld neck flange design ensures enhanced mechanical stability • Available in corrosion-resistant titanium grades 2 and 5 • Lightweight construction reduces overall system load • High resistance to acids, chlorides, and extreme environments • Custom dimensions, pressure classes, and finishes available on request Conclusion: DIN 2633 Titanium Flanges PN 16 from Ladhani Metal Corporation provide a high-performance solution for systems that require excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and reduced weight. With superior manufacturing precision and quality assurance, these flanges are suited for challenging environments in marine, aerospace, chemical, and medical sectors. For custom specifications, detailed technical assistance, or pricing inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation today.

DIN 2632 titanium flanges PN 10 are precision-fabricated weld neck flanges produced according to the DIN 2632 standard. These flanges are designed for medium-pressure applications up to 10 bar (145 psi), offering excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and durability in highly demanding industrial environments. Manufactured from high-grade titanium alloys, they provide outstanding performance in aggressive chemical, marine, and high-temperature settings where conventional materials may fail. Ladhani Metal Corporation is a trusted global manufacturer and supplier of titanium flanges, known for its consistent quality and engineering precision. Each flange is rigorously tested to ensure compliance with applicable industrial standards and environmental regulations. Pressure Rating: • PN 10 (10 bar / 145 psi): Suitable for medium-pressure pipeline systems requiring superior corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity. Flange Type: • Weld Neck Flanges Designed with a long tapered hub to ensure strong pipe alignment and reduce stress concentration at the flange base. This design supports smooth flow transitions and enhances joint strength. • Flat Face (FF) Flanges Flat face design promotes even gasket compression and is preferred for use with cast components or soft gasket materials. Titanium Grades and Composition: Grade 2 (Commercially Pure Titanium) • Titanium (Ti): ≥ 99.2% • Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.25% • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.03% • Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.30% • Hydrogen (H): ≤ 0.015% Applications: Known for excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties, Grade 2 titanium is commonly used in chemical processing, water treatment, and marine applications where corrosion resistance is critical. Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V Alloy) • Titanium (Ti): Balance • Aluminum (Al): 5.5 – 6.75% • Vanadium (V): 3.5 – 4.5% • Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.30% • Oxygen (O): ≤ 0.20% • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Nitrogen (N): ≤ 0.05% Applications: Grade 5 offers superior strength and excellent corrosion resistance, widely used in aerospace, marine, and high-performance chemical environments requiring higher mechanical properties. Applications of DIN 2632 Titanium Flanges PN 10: • Chemical and Petrochemical Industry Used in piping systems transporting aggressive acids, alkalis, and oxidizing substances. • Marine and Offshore Ideal for seawater piping, shipbuilding, and offshore platforms requiring corrosion-resistant materials. • Water Treatment and Desalination Applied in high-purity water systems and desalination plants operating at moderate pressures. • Aerospace and Power Generation Used in environments exposed to high temperatures and corrosive atmospheres. Key Features: • Compliant with DIN 2632 standards • PN 10 pressure rating for medium-pressure service • Weld neck design for robust pipe-flange connection • Available in Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium alloys for tailored performance • Flat face option for even gasket contact • Lightweight with high strength-to-weight ratio • Suitable for harsh chemical and marine environments • Custom sizes, finishes, and titanium grades available upon request Conclusion: DIN 2632 Titanium Flanges PN 10 from Ladhani Metal Corporation offer a reliable and durable solution for medium-pressure applications demanding exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. Made from premium titanium alloys such as Grade 2 and Grade 5, these flanges are ideal for chemical, marine, desalination, aerospace, and power generation sectors. For custom dimensions, technical consultation, or pricing information, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation today.

DIN 2576 Monel Flanges PN 10 are high-integrity, slip-on flanges manufactured from corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloys, specifically designed for demanding low to medium-pressure applications. Compliant with the DIN 2576 standard, these flanges provide exceptional resistance to seawater, acids, alkalis, and corrosive chemicals, making them ideal for highly corrosive industrial environments. The slip-on design allows the flange to be positioned over the pipe and welded in place, ensuring precise alignment and long-term mechanical stability. Ladhani Metal Corporation is a trusted manufacturer and international supplier of Monel flanges, producing components that meet rigorous dimensional, metallurgical, and quality standards. DIN 2576 Monel flanges are widely used in marine, chemical, and oil and gas industries, where material durability and corrosion resistance are critical. Pressure Rating: • PN 10 (10 bar / 145 psi): Designed for systems requiring stable operation under moderate pressures in fluid and gas transport environments. Flange Types: • Slip-On Flanges Facilitate easy assembly by slipping over the pipe and welding on both sides to ensure a leak-proof and secure joint. • Flat Face (FF) Flanges Designed for use with flat gaskets and mating surfaces, offering even pressure distribution and sealing performance, particularly with brittle or non-metallic materials. Monel Grades and Composition: Monel 400 (UNS N04400) Composition: • Nickel (Ni): ≥ 63.0% • Copper (Cu): 28.0 – 34.0% • Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si), Carbon (C): Trace amounts Applications: Monel 400 is well-known for its outstanding resistance to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalis. It is widely used in marine engineering, chemical processing, and heat exchangers. Monel K500 (UNS N05500) Composition: • Nickel (Ni): ≥ 63.0% • Copper (Cu): ~30.0% • Aluminum (Al): 2.3 – 3.15% • Titanium (Ti): 0.35 – 0.85% Applications: Monel K500 offers the same corrosion resistance as Monel 400 but with significantly higher strength and hardness due to age-hardening. It is ideal for high-stress applications such as pump shafts, valve components, and marine fasteners. Applications of DIN 2576 Monel Flanges: • Marine and Offshore Engineering Ideal for seawater exposure, ballast systems, and structural applications in shipbuilding and offshore platforms. • Chemical and Petrochemical Processing Used in piping systems exposed to strong acids, caustics, and other corrosive agents. • Oil and Gas Industry Suitable for sour gas (H₂S) environments, offshore drilling equipment, and refining systems. • Heat Exchangers and Condensers Monel's thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance make it suitable for tube sheets and connecting flanges. • Power Generation Applied in cooling systems, boiler feedwater lines, and other aggressive service environments. • Aerospace and Defense Used in fuel and hydraulic systems where resistance to corrosion and stress cracking is required. Key Features: • Manufactured according to DIN 2576 specification • PN 10 pressure rating for low to medium-pressure fluid systems • Exceptional resistance to seawater, acids, alkalis, and chlorides • Available in Monel 400 and Monel K500 grades • Slip-on design enables easy installation and welding • Flat face versions for compatibility with flat gaskets and brittle materials • Excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance • Custom dimensions, finishes, and face types available upon request Conclusion: DIN 2576 Monel Flanges PN 10 from Ladhani Metal Corporation deliver high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength for aggressive environments where conventional materials fail. With availability in Monel 400 and K500 grades, these flanges are suitable for marine, oil & gas, and chemical applications. For technical support, project consultation, or custom orders, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation today.

DIN 2544 Monel flanges are flanges manufactured according to the DIN 2544 standard, specifically designed for use with Monel alloys. Monel is a high-performance nickel-copper alloy known for its outstanding corrosion resistance, particularly in seawater, acids, and alkaline environments. These flanges are widely used in industries such as marine, chemical processing, petrochemical, and other applications that require resistance to aggressive media and high temperatures. Key Features: Material: Monel alloys (typically Monel 400 and Monel K-500). Pressure Rating (PN 25): These flanges are rated for pressure class PN 25, meaning they can handle pressures up to 25 bar (2500 kPa). Corrosion Resistance: Monel alloys offer excellent resistance to corrosion in harsh environments such as seawater and acidic solutions, making them ideal for marine and chemical applications. Strength: Monel alloys exhibit high strength and toughness, retaining their mechanical properties even in elevated temperature environments. Temperature Resistance: Monel alloys maintain integrity and strength even in high-temperature conditions, making them suitable for demanding applications. Types of DIN 2544 Monel Flanges: Weld Neck Flange (WN): These flanges are ideal for high-pressure applications where a reliable, leak-proof connection is required. The neck is welded to the pipe to create a strong joint. Slip-On Flange (SO): These flanges are easy to install by slipping over the pipe, then welding both inside and outside for a secure connection. Blind Flange (BL): Used to seal the ends of pipes, vessels, or other openings, providing a leak-tight closure. Threaded Flange (TH): These flanges are screwed onto the pipe without welding, making them easier to install and remove when needed. Socket Weld Flange (SW): Designed for smaller pipe sizes, where the pipe is inserted into the socket and welded into place for a strong, secure joint. Grades of Monel: Monel 400: A nickel-copper alloy containing 63% nickel and 29% copper, Monel 400 offers excellent resistance to seawater and other corrosive environments. It is commonly used in marine and chemical processing applications. Monel K-500: This alloy is similar to Monel 400 but with added titanium and aluminum for improved strength and hardness. It is used in high-stress environments such as aerospace and marine applications. Pressure Rating (PN 25): PN 25 means the flange is rated to withstand pressures of up to 25 bar (2500 kPa), making it ideal for moderate to high-pressure applications. Summary: DIN 2544 Monel flanges are corrosion-resistant components made from Monel alloys, ideal for use in industries like marine, chemical processing, and petrochemical. Ladhani Metal Corporation offers a variety of Monel flanges, including weld neck, slip-on, blind, threaded, and socket weld types, rated for pressures up to PN 25. With a strong focus on quality and customer service, Ladhani Metal Corporation provides high-performance solutions for industries worldwide.

DIN 2544 Inconel flanges are flanges manufactured according to the DIN 2544 standard, specifically designed for use with Inconel alloys. Inconel is a family of high-performance nickel-chromium-based superalloys that are known for their exceptional strength and resistance to high temperatures and corrosion. These flanges are primarily used in industries that involve extreme conditions such as aerospace, chemical processing, and high-temperature applications. Ladhani Metal Corporation is a prominent supplier and distributor of high-quality industrial products, including DIN 2544 Inconel flanges. The company specializes in offering a wide range of flanges, fittings, and pipes made from high-performance materials such as Inconel, duplex stainless steel, and other super alloys. Key Features: Material: Inconel alloys (typically Inconel 600, 625, or 718). Pressure Rating (PN 25): These flanges are rated for pressure class PN 25, meaning they can handle pressures up to 25 bar (2500 kPa). High Temperature Resistance: Inconel alloys are well-suited for high-temperature environments, maintaining strength and stability even at temperatures above 1000°C (1832°F). Corrosion Resistance: Inconel offers superior resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and carburization, particularly in high-temperature environments, making them ideal for harsh industrial conditions. Strength: Known for excellent mechanical properties, Inconel alloys retain high tensile and creep-rupture strength even under extreme temperatures. Types of DIN 2544 Inconel Flanges: Weld Neck Flange (WN): Used for high-pressure and high-temperature applications, where a strong, leak-proof joint is essential. Slip-On Flange (SO): Easy to install, these flanges slide over the pipe and are welded both inside and outside. Blind Flange (BL): Used to seal the ends of pipes, vessels, or openings. Threaded Flange (TH): These are screwed onto the pipe without welding, making them easier to remove. Socket Weld Flange (SW): Designed for smaller pipe sizes, where the pipe is inserted into the socket and welded in place. Grades of Inconel: Inconel 600: Contains 72% nickel, 14-17% chromium, and 6-10% iron. It offers excellent resistance to oxidation and carburization at high temperatures, making it ideal for applications in furnace components, heat exchangers, and chemical processing. Inconel 625: A nickel-chromium alloy with added molybdenum and niobium for increased strength and corrosion resistance in marine and chemical environments. It is highly resistant to both oxidation and carburization. Inconel 718: A precipitation-hardenable superalloy with high yield, tensile, and creep-rupture properties at temperatures up to 700°C (1292°F). It is widely used in aerospace, gas turbines, and high-performance engines. Pressure Rating (PN 25): PN 25 means the flange is rated for pressure up to 25 bar (2500 kPa), making it suitable for moderate to high-pressure applications. Summary: DIN 2544 Inconel flanges are robust, high-performance components made from Inconel alloys, designed for use in extremely high-temperature and corrosive environments. They come in various types, These flanges offer excellent resistance to oxidation, corrosion, and high temperatures, making them ideal for demanding applications in aerospace, chemical processing, and high-temperature industries. PN 25 flanges are rated for pressures up to 25 bar.

DIN 2544 is a German standard for flanges used in piping systems, detailing dimensions, design, and testing methods. Titanium flanges conforming to this standard are designed for use in high-performance environments that demand excellent strength, corrosion resistance, and low weight. Titanium is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in environments like seawater, chemical processing, and heat exchangers. DIN 2544 titanium flanges are specifically built to withstand aggressive conditions, including high temperatures and corrosive environments, while offering a lightweight alternative to other materials like stainless steel. Key Features of DIN 2544 Titanium Flanges: Material: Titanium flanges are made from titanium alloys, which are highly resistant to corrosion, oxidation, and erosion. Titanium is also known for its strength-to-weight ratio, being strong yet much lighter than many other metals, including stainless steel. Corrosion Resistance: Titanium flanges are ideal for systems exposed to harsh environments, such as saltwater, acids, and chlorides. They are widely used in marine, chemical, and offshore oil and gas applications. Temperature Resistance: Titanium flanges can operate in high-temperature environments, often up to 600°C (1,112°F) without degrading, depending on the specific titanium alloy used. Pressure Rating (PN 25): These flanges are typically rated for PN 25, meaning they can withstand pressures of up to 25 bar (approximately 362 psi) in a variety of applications. Types of DIN 2544 Titanium Flanges: Weld Neck Flanges: These flanges have a long neck that is welded to the pipe. They are ideal for high-pressure systems and applications requiring a strong, reliable connection. Slip-On Flanges: These flanges slide over the pipe and are then welded in place. They are generally used in systems where welding is easier, and the pressures are lower than those of weld neck flanges. Blind Flanges: Used to seal the ends of piping systems, these flanges have no hole in the center. They are often used for isolation and maintenance purposes. Threaded Flanges: These flanges have internal threads that match threaded pipes. They are convenient when welding is not practical or possible. Socket Weld Flanges: These flanges feature a socket where the pipe is inserted and welded into place. These are often used in smaller-diameter piping systems. Titanium Grades for Flanges: Grade 2 Titanium (Commercially Pure Titanium): Properties: Most commonly used grade, offering excellent corrosion resistance and formability. It has moderate strength and is used in a variety of industries like aerospace, chemical processing, and marine applications. Advantages: Excellent corrosion resistance in both seawater and chemical environments. Grade 5 Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V): Properties: An alloy with 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium, offering higher strength than grade 2 titanium, while still maintaining good corrosion resistance. Common in high-stress, high-temperature environments. Advantages: Used in aerospace, medical devices, and high-performance applications due to its superior strength and durability. Pressure Rating (PN 25): PN 25 indicates that the titanium flanges are rated to handle pressures of up to 25 bar (approximately 362 psi). This pressure class is suitable for medium to high-pressure applications, ensuring the flange can endure significant stress in various piping systems. #din2544 #din2544flanges #din2544titaniumflanges

DIN 2543 Stainless Steel Flanges are flanges made from stainless steel that conform to the German industrial standard DIN 2543. These flanges are used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment within a piping system. The DIN 2543 standard defines the specifications, dimensions, and materials for flanges used primarily in industrial applications where high strength, durability, and corrosion resistance are required. DIN 2543 refers to the "Flanges for pipes, slip-on flanges, welding neck flanges, and blind flanges." DIN 2543 flanges are PN 16, and they have specific dimensional standards for that pressure rating, ensuring compatibility and safety in pipeline applications. Here's a detailed description of DIN 2543 Stainless Steel Flanges: 1. Standard Overview (DIN 2543): • DIN 2543 refers to flanges that are used to connect pipes and related components in various industrial systems. It specifies welding neck flanges, slip-on flanges, and blind flanges among others. • The flanges covered by this standard are available in different pressure classes and materials, including stainless steel. • The main application of these flanges is in piping systems for industries such as chemical, oil and gas, water treatment, food processing, and HVAC. 2. Types of DIN 2543 Flanges: The standard covers different types of flanges, each with its own application: • Welding Neck Flanges (WN): o These flanges are designed to be welded to the pipe. They have a long tapered neck that provides better stress distribution and is suitable for high-pressure applications. o Application: Common in high-pressure and high-temperature systems. • Slip-On Flanges (SO): o These flanges fit over the pipe and are welded at both the inside and outside edges. They are easier to install compared to welding neck flanges. o Application: Suitable for low- and medium-pressure systems. • Blind Flanges (BL): o These flanges are used to seal the end of a pipe. They have no central hole and are typically used to close off piping systems or for future extensions. o Application: Used when a permanent or temporary closure is needed in a piping system. 3. Materials for Stainless Steel Flanges: DIN 2543 Stainless Steel flanges are typically manufactured from the following grades of stainless steel, which are selected based on the specific requirements of the application: • Grade 304 Stainless Steel (AISI 304): o The most common type of stainless steel, offering good corrosion resistance and forming ability. It is suitable for general-purpose applications in environments not subject to severe corrosion. o Applications: Food and beverage processing, chemical industries, and general industrial applications. • Grade 316 Stainless Steel (AISI 316): o Contains molybdenum (2–3%), which significantly enhances its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. It is widely used in more corrosive environments such as marine or chemical processing applications. o Applications: Marine environments, chemical industries, pharmaceuticals, and offshore applications. • Grade 321 Stainless Steel (AISI 321): o Similar to 304 but with added titanium to prevent carbide precipitation during welding. It is ideal for high-temperature environments and offers good oxidation resistance. o Applications: High-temperature systems, aerospace applications, and heat exchangers. 4. Gasket Surface Types: The gasket surface of DIN 2543 stainless steel flanges is crucial for creating a proper seal when two flanges are joined. The most common gasket surface types include: • Raised Face (RF): o A flange with a raised area where the gasket is placed. This is the most common type and provides a reliable seal. • Flat Face (FF): o The flange surface is flat and typically used in lower-pressure systems. • Ring Type Joint (RTJ): o This type has a groove for the insertion of a metal ring gasket, used in high-pressure or high-temperature applications. DIN 2543 SS flanges are designed to provide strong, durable, and leak-proof connections for pipes in various industries, with precise dimensions, materials, and pressure ratings tailored to different operational needs. The different types of flanges (Slip-on, Welding Neck, and Blind) allow for versatile use in a variety of applications.

Product name: Titanium welding pipe for heat exchanger Standard:ASTM B338 Material:Grade 1 Grade 2 titanium Diameter:15mm 19.1mm 25.4mm 33.4mm 38.1mm 45mm etc. Wall thickness:1.0mm / 1.2mm Length:Max 16000mm Surface:Pickling surface/Polished Application:Heat Exchanger, chemical industry etc. Technique:Welded Titanium seamless pipe for heat exchanger Titanium welded tube GR2 has α crystal structure. This alloy is widely used because of its good formability, moderate strength and excellent corrosion resistance. It has excellent corrosion resistance in strong oxidation and photoreduction environments, including chloride. Easy to weld, hot and cold processing and machining. These characteristics make it ideal for a wide range of applications, including Marine and Marine pipelines, reaction vessels and heat exchangers, Marine, automotive parts, medical and sports equipment in the aerospace, petrochemical, oil and gas and Marine industries. GR2 titanium welded pipe is made by crimping titanium or titanium alloy coil or wide plate welding into a tube. It has been widely used in electric power, seawater desalination, water treatment equipment, air conditioning equipment and other industries, but in the petrochemical industry, the use of titanium welded pipe is still in the promotion.

Aka CAS No. 13463-67-7, Titanium (VI) oxide, Titania, Rutile, Anatase, Brookite Titanium Dioxide Chemical Titanium Dioxide, also referred to Titania, has a molecular formula of Ti02 and this mineral compound – a white colored, odorless solid – is available in three different forms. Rutile titanium dioxide is the most common naturally occurring form followed by the anatase form but titanium dioxide can also be produced synthetically. Titanium dioxide is produced from either ilmenite, rutile or titanium slag. The titanium pigment is extracted by using either sulphuric acid (sulphate process) or chlorine (chloride route). The sulphate process employs simpler technology while the chloride route produces a purer product. Titanium Dioxide – classified by CAS No. 13463-67-7 – is mined as a mineral in magmatic rocks. It is non-flammable, non-explosive and titanium dioxide is the most widely used pigment because of its brightness and refractive index. Bulk Chemicals Pallate Over 4 million tons of titanium dioxide are used worldwide every year for a wide array of common applications like paint, coatings, plastics, papers, ink, food (it’s often used to whiten skim milk and to enhance the flavor of nuts, seeds, soup and beer), medicine and toothpaste. Titanium Dioxide is also used in cosmetics and skin care products as a pigment, in sunscreen and sunblock as a thickener to protect the skin from ultraviolet light. Titanium Dioxide, believe it or not, is used to mark the white lines on the tennis courts at Wimbledon. Indeed, titanium dioxide accounts for 70% of the total production of pigments worldwide because “titanium white,” as it’s often called, is one of the whitest materials known to exist on Earth. In fact, titanium dioxide is even more reflective than diamonds!