'detailed description'

Product Name: Titanium Plate Standard: ASTM B265 Material: Gr1 Unit Price: $15usd/kg-$48usd/kg Thickness: 0.5-100mm Length: 500-6000mm Or As You Require Width: 500-1000mm Or As You Require

Product Name: Titanium racks for aluminum anodizing Material: Gr1, Gr2 Application: Electroplating, anodizing etc. Size: Customized Surface: Polished Type : Titanium racks / Titanium Jigs Dimenstion and shape : Customized, as customer's drawings Finishing : Polished Material : Pure Titanium(gr1 gr2) Condition : New Application : Electroplating, anodizing etc Color : Sliver.Grey Features : Anti-corrosion, good elasticity, smooth surface, dustproof, strong structure, good quality, fine surface We provide various titanium plating rack jigs. These ranges of jigs are available in different sizes to maximize customer satisfaction. Also, these jigs are provided at very affordable prices. Our technique can adapt jigs to the most suitable parts and materials, so that the product has higher durability and strength. Our production system reduces the entrainment of impurities and liquids between tanks and improves the passage of current, as well as its uniform distribution throughout the whole rack. The continuous availability of raw materials, laser cutting machines, folding and automatic welding machines makes our products the most competitive in the market and able to complete tasks within very tight deadlines. Chemical composition (Wt%) ASTM No. Fe max O max N max C max H max Pd Al Bal Grade 1 0.2 0.18 0.03 0.1 0.015 - - Ti Grade 2 0.3 0.25 0.03 0.1 0.015 - - Ti Physical Properties (Min) ASTM Grade Alloy Composition Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation min % ksi Mpa ksi Mpa Grade 1 Unalloyed Ti ("Pure") 35A -CP1 35 240 25 170 30 Grade 2 Unalloyed Ti ("Pure") 50A -CP2 58 400 40 275 25

Product Name: Titanium racks Material: Gr1, Gr2 Application: Electroplating, anodizing etc. Size: Customized Surface: Polished

Product Name: Titanium Pipe Standard: ASTM B338 Material: Gr1, Gr2 Unit Price: $25usd/kg-$40usd/kg Type: Welded/Seamless Shape: Round Outer Diameter: 9.52mm/12.7mm/15.9mm/19mm/21.7mm/25.4mm/32mm/33.4mm/38mm/45mm etc. Wall Thickness: 0.5-3.0mm Length: Max 12000mm Wall thickness tolerance: +/- 10% Length tolerance: +3.2mm Surface: Bright Although the investment cost of titanium welded tube is higher than that of common fluid transportation pipelines, its cost is lower than that of titanium seamless tubes. Based on the analysis of the service life and maintenance cycle of titanium welded tubes, the investment cost of titanium welded tubes can be compensated in use. , The use of titanium welded tubes in piping systems can reduce production costs by reducing the number of regular maintenance, reducing downtime, improving product quality, and increasing pipeline life. Advantages of titanium welded tube over titanium seamless tube 1. The mechanical properties of titanium welded tube and titanium seamless tube are basically the same. 2. The appearance and quality of titanium welded tube are better than titanium seamless tube 3. The cost and environmental protection advantages of titanium welded tubes are outstanding Common Sizes OD WT L 12.7 1.0 4000 15.9 0.5 6000 15.9 0.7 3000 19.1 0.7 6000 19.1 0.7 7000 19.1 1.2 4000 19.1 1.4 5500 19.1 1.4 6000 19.1 1.4 4000 19.1 1.5 4000 21.7 3.0 4000 25.4 0.5 6000 25.4 1.0 4000 25.4 1.2 4000 25.4 2.0 4000 27.2 2.0 4000 31.75 1.2 6000 34.0 2.0 4000

Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures and exports Half Round Shields for LTSH (Low Temperature Superheater) Tubes, Type-IV design, engineered to safeguard boiler tubes from erosion, oxidation, and abrasive damage. LTSH tubes in Type-IV sections operate in the convection pass of the boiler, exposed to high flue gas velocities, dust-laden atmospheres, and ash particles that gradually erode the tube surfaces. Type-IV Half Round Shields provide extended surface coverage and robust protection, making them ideal for demanding boiler environments where long service life is critical. Function of LTSH Tubes • Carry steam through the low-temperature superheater section of the boiler • Operate under moderate-to-high temperatures with flue gas erosion risk • Protected with Half Round Shields to reduce wear, oxidation, and maintenance frequency Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports Half Round Tube Shields for LTSH, Type-IV, in a wide range of sizes and grades to meet diverse power plant and industrial boiler requirements. Available Grades • SS 304 / SS 304L • SS 310 / SS 310S • SS 316 / SS 316L • SS 410 / SS 420 / SS 430 • 1Cr13 • 1Cr18Ni9Ti • 1Cr20Ni14Si2 • 1Cr25Ni20Si2 • Cr23Ni13 • Cr25Ni20 Applications: Suitable for low-temperature superheater sections in thermal power stations, waste heat recovery boilers (WHRBs), and heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs), where durability and erosion resistance are required. Uses • Protects LTSH tubes from erosion caused by flue gases and abrasive particles • Minimizes scaling and damage in soot blower impact zones • Extends tube life and reduces unplanned shutdowns • Widely used in WHRBs, HRSGs, utility boilers, and industrial steam plants Features • High resistance to oxidation and erosive flue gases • Stable mechanical performance at elevated temperatures • Designed for precision fit on Type-IV LTSH tubes • Available in stainless steels and high-performance special alloys Applications • Power generation boilers – Reliable shielding for LTSH tubes under erosive gas flow • Waste heat recovery boilers – Prevents early tube failures from abrasion • Heat recovery steam generators – Ensures long service life in cyclic conditions • Industrial boilers – Provides dependable tube protection in dusty environments Conclusion The Half Round Shield for LTSH, Type-IV, by Ladhani Metal Corporation is a robust and efficient solution for boiler tube erosion protection. Manufactured in stainless steel and alloy grades such as SS 304/304L, SS 310/310S, SS 316/316L, SS 410/420/430, 1Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 1Cr20Ni14Si2, 1Cr25Ni20Si2, Cr23Ni13, and Cr25Ni20, these shields are engineered for durability, easy installation, and superior performance. For detailed specifications and supply inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation. #Mumbai #Pune #Ahmedabad #Vadodara #Surat #Rajkot #Jamnagar #Bharuch #Ankleshwar #Vapi #Delhi #Faridabad #Ghaziabad #Noida #Gurugram #Chennai #Coimbatore #Tiruchirappalli #Hyderabad #Visakhapatnam #Vijayawada #Bangalore #Mangalore #Mysore #Kolkata #Durgapur #Asansol #Bhubaneswar #Rourkela #Raipur #Bhilai #Bilaspur #Nagpur #Nashik #Aurangabad #Indore #Bhopal #Jabalpur #Kanpur #Lucknow #Varanasi #Jaipur #Kota #Udaipur #Jodhpur #Chandigarh #Ludhiana #Jalandhar #Haridwar #Dehradun #Agra #Meerut #Aligarh #Moradabad #Bareilly #Mathura #Gwalior #Rewa #Satna #Sagar #Ujjain #Ratlam #Solapur #Kolhapur #Amravati #Akola #Jalgaon #Latur #Sangli #Nanded #Gandhinagar #Bhavnagar #Mehsana #Surendranagar #Junagadh #Nadiad #Nizamabad #Karimnagar #Warangal #Kurnool #Nellore #Tirupati #Madurai #Tirunelveli #Thoothukudi #Belgaum #Hubli #Tumkur #Sambalpur #Jamshedpur #Ranchi #Dhanbad #Patna #Muzaffarpur#halftubeshield #utypehalftubeshield #tubeshieldexporter #TubeShield #HalfTubeShield #SSHalfRoundShield #BoilerTubeShield #BoilerShield #TubeProtection #Tubeshieldmanufacturer #BoilerTubeProtection #SSTubeShield #MetalIndustry #SteelFabrication #IndustrialShielding #SS304Shield #SS316Shield #StainlessSteelShield #WeldOnShield #WeldedTubeShield #TubeCladding #BoilerTubeSleeve #TubeSleeve #MetalFabrication #PowerPlantSupplies #RefineryEquipment #ProcessIndustry #MetalComponent #TubeShieldForBoilers #BoilerParts #SteelSolutions #TubeShieldManufacturer #TubeShieldSupplier #SSShielding #IndustrialTubeShield #BoilerTubeGuard #CustomMetalParts #SteelIndustryIndia #MetalEngineering #HeavyIndustrySupply #StainlessSteelIndia #SteelExporters #MetalComponentExport #FabricatedProducts #SteelDealer #IndustrialSupplyIndia #BoilerTubeFittings #TubeShieldingSolutions #HalfTubeCover #HeatExchangerShield #HalfRoundReheaterShield #ReheaterTubeShield #BoilerReheaterProtection #PowerPlantTubeShield #BoilerErosionShield #SteamBoilerTubeShield #HighTempTubeShield #BoilerWearProtection

Ladhani Metal Corporation offers Cr23Ni13 Half Round Tube Shields specially designed to protect reheater (R/H) tubes in boilers, power plants, and industrial steam systems. Reheater tubes carry steam through the reheater section of the boiler, where it is reheated after partial expansion in the high-pressure turbine to increase efficiency and reduce moisture formation. Manufactured from high-alloy stainless steel grade Cr23Ni13, these shields provide outstanding resistance to oxidation, scaling, and erosion in high-temperature flue gas environments. Function of R/H Tubes • Carry steam through the reheater section of the boiler • Exposed to very high temperatures (often > 540°C) and erosion from flue gases • Often protected with Half Round Tube Shields in high-velocity and ash-laden zones Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports Cr23Ni13 Half Round Tube Shields in a wide range of lengths, diameters, and thicknesses to meet the specific requirements of both domestic and international markets. Cr23Ni13 Grade Chemical Composition – High-Alloy Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.20% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.030% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00% • Chromium (Cr): 22.00 – 24.00% • Nickel (Ni): 12.00 – 14.00% • Iron (Fe): Balance Conclusion The Cr23Ni13 Half Round Tube Shield for Reheater (R/H) Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation ensures long-term protection in high-temperature, oxidation-prone, and erosive environments. Built for durability, precision fit, and global supply standards, these shields enhance tube reliability while minimizing downtime and maintenance costs. For detailed specifications and supply inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation. #Mumbai #Pune #Ahmedabad #Vadodara #Surat #Rajkot #Jamnagar #Bharuch #Ankleshwar #Vapi #Delhi #Faridabad #Ghaziabad #Noida #Gurugram #Chennai #Coimbatore #Tiruchirappalli #Hyderabad #Visakhapatnam #Vijayawada #Bangalore #Mangalore #Mysore #Kolkata #Durgapur #Asansol #Bhubaneswar #Rourkela #Raipur #Bhilai #Bilaspur #Nagpur #Nashik #Aurangabad #Indore #Bhopal #Jabalpur #Kanpur #Lucknow #Varanasi #Jaipur #Kota #Udaipur #Jodhpur #Chandigarh #Ludhiana #Jalandhar #Haridwar #Dehradun #Agra #Meerut #Aligarh #Moradabad #Bareilly #Mathura #Gwalior #Rewa #Satna #Sagar #Ujjain #Ratlam #Solapur #Kolhapur #Amravati #Akola #Jalgaon #Latur #Sangli #Nanded #Gandhinagar #Bhavnagar #Mehsana #Surendranagar #Junagadh #Nadiad #Nizamabad #Karimnagar #Warangal #Kurnool #Nellore #Tirupati #Madurai #Tirunelveli #Thoothukudi #Belgaum #Hubli #Tumkur #Sambalpur #Jamshedpur #Ranchi #Dhanbad #Patna #Muzaffarpur#halftubeshield #utypehalftubeshield #tubeshieldexporter #TubeShield #HalfTubeShield #SSHalfRoundShield #BoilerTubeShield #BoilerShield #TubeProtection #Tubeshieldmanufacturer #BoilerTubeProtection #SSTubeShield #MetalIndustry #SteelFabrication #IndustrialShielding #SS304Shield #SS316Shield #StainlessSteelShield #WeldOnShield #WeldedTubeShield #TubeCladding #BoilerTubeSleeve #TubeSleeve #MetalFabrication #PowerPlantSupplies #RefineryEquipment #ProcessIndustry #MetalComponent #TubeShieldForBoilers #BoilerParts #SteelSolutions #TubeShieldManufacturer #TubeShieldSupplier #SSShielding #IndustrialTubeShield #BoilerTubeGuard #CustomMetalParts #SteelIndustryIndia #MetalEngineering #HeavyIndustrySupply #StainlessSteelIndia #SteelExporters #MetalComponentExport #FabricatedProducts #SteelDealer #IndustrialSupplyIndia #BoilerTubeFittings #TubeShieldingSolutions #HalfTubeCover #HeatExchangerShield #HalfRoundReheaterShield #ReheaterTubeShield #BoilerReheaterProtection #PowerPlantTubeShield #BoilerErosionShield #SteamBoilerTubeShield #HighTempTubeShield #BoilerWearProtection

Ladhani Metal Corporation offers SS 304 Half Round Tube Shields designed for reheater (R/H) tubes in boilers and power plant steam systems. Reheater tubes carry steam through the reheater section of the boiler, where it is reheated after partial expansion in the high-pressure turbine to increase efficiency and prevent condensation. Manufactured from austenitic stainless steel grade SS 304, these shields offer excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and mechanical strength. Precision-formed to match the tube surface, they ensure secure coverage and reliable performance. Function of R/H Tubes • Carry steam through the reheater section of the boiler • Exposed to very high temperatures (often > 540°C) and erosion from flue gases • Often protected with Half Round Tube Shields in areas where flue gas velocity and ash particles cause wear Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports SS 304 Half Round Tube Shields in various lengths, diameters, and thicknesses for both domestic and international markets. SS 304 Grade Chemical Composition – Austenitic Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00% • Chromium (Cr): 18.00 – 20.00% • Nickel (Ni): 8.00 – 10.50% • Iron (Fe): Balance Conclusion The SS 304 Half Round Tube Shield for Reheater (R/H) Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation is engineered for robust protection against erosion, oxidation, and thermal wear in demanding boiler reheater environments. With excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical performance, these shields extend tube life, reduce maintenance, and are available in export-ready custom specifications. For detailed technical data and supply options, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation .#Mumbai #Pune #Ahmedabad #Vadodara #Surat #Rajkot #Jamnagar #Bharuch #Ankleshwar #Vapi #Delhi #Faridabad #Ghaziabad #Noida #Gurugram #Chennai #Coimbatore #Tiruchirappalli #Hyderabad #Visakhapatnam #Vijayawada #Bangalore #Mangalore #Mysore #Kolkata #Durgapur #Asansol #Bhubaneswar #Rourkela #Raipur #Bhilai #Bilaspur #Nagpur #Nashik #Aurangabad #Indore #Bhopal #Jabalpur #Kanpur #Lucknow #Varanasi #Jaipur #Kota #Udaipur #Jodhpur #Chandigarh #Ludhiana #Jalandhar #Haridwar #Dehradun #Agra #Meerut #Aligarh #Moradabad #Bareilly #Mathura #Gwalior #Rewa #Satna #Sagar #Ujjain #Ratlam #Solapur #Kolhapur #Amravati #Akola #Jalgaon #Latur #Sangli #Nanded #Gandhinagar #Bhavnagar #Mehsana #Surendranagar #Junagadh #Nadiad #Nizamabad #Karimnagar #Warangal #Kurnool #Nellore #Tirupati #Salem #Erode #Madurai #Tirunelveli #Thoothukudi #Belgaum #Hubli #Tumkur #Hassan #Cuttack #Sambalpur #Jamshedpur #Ranchi #Dhanbad #Patna #Gaya #Muzaffarpur#halftubeshield #utypehalftubeshield #tubeshieldexporter #TubeShield #HalfTubeShield #SSHalfRoundShield #BoilerTubeShield #BoilerShield #TubeProtection #Tubeshieldmanufacturer #BoilerTubeProtection #SSTubeShield #MetalIndustry #SteelFabrication #IndustrialShielding #SS304Shield #SS316Shield #StainlessSteelShield #WeldOnShield #WeldedTubeShield #TubeCladding #BoilerTubeSleeve #TubeSleeve #MetalFabrication #PowerPlantSupplies #RefineryEquipment #ProcessIndustry #MetalComponent #TubeShieldForBoilers #BoilerParts #SteelSolutions #TubeShieldManufacturer #TubeShieldSupplier #SSShielding #IndustrialTubeShield #BoilerTubeGuard #CustomMetalParts #SteelIndustryIndia #MetalEngineering #HeavyIndustrySupply #StainlessSteelIndia #SteelExporters #MetalComponentExport #FabricatedProducts #SteelDealer #IndustrialSupplyIndia #BoilerTubeFittings #TubeShieldingSolutions #HalfTubeCover #HeatExchangerShield

Quality Standard Material No. Old designation DC01 DIN EN 10130 1.0330 ST 12-03 Cold-rolled flat steel DC01, according to the standards DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 Cold-rolled flat steel DC01 is a widely used material in the industrial sector, which is used for various applications in the cold forming process due to its excellent properties. The standards DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 are decisive for ensuring the quality and requirements of this material. DC01 according to the DIN EN 10130 standard The DIN EN 10130 standard defines the requirements for cold-rolled flat products made of unalloyed quality steels that are used in the cold forming process. Technical delivery conditions DIN EN 10130 specifies the technical delivery conditions for cold-rolled flat steel. These include the chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface quality. The standard ensures that the products supplied meet the required standards in order to guarantee workability and final quality. Chemical composition The chemical composition of the steel is decisive for its properties and is described in detail in DIN EN 10130. For DC01, the maximum carbon content is 0.12%, while the manganese and phosphorus content is also subject to specific limits. This composition ensures good cold formability and a high surface quality. Mechanical properties DC01 in accordance with DIN EN 10130 has specific mechanical properties that make it ideal for cold forming. These include a minimum tensile strength of 270-410 MPa and a minimum elongation of 28%. These properties allow the steel to be processed into complex shapes without cracking or breaking. Surface quality The surface quality is another aspect of DIN EN 10130. DC01 can be supplied in different surface finishes, such as smooth or matt. These variations allow adaptation to specific requirements of the end application, be it for decorative purposes or further coating processes. DC01+ZE according to the DIN EN 10152 standard The DIN EN 10152 standard extends the requirements of DIN EN 10130 to include specific conditions for electrolytically galvanized products. This standard is crucial for applications in which corrosion protection plays an important role. Technical delivery conditions DIN EN 10152 specifies the technical delivery conditions for electrolytically galvanized, cold-rolled flat products. In addition to the chemical composition and mechanical properties, these conditions also include the specific requirements for the zinc coating. Chemical composition and zinc coating The chemical composition of the base material DC01 generally remains unchanged, but an additional electrolytic zinc coating is applied. This coating is used for corrosion protection and varies in thickness depending on the specific requirements of the application. The standard provides detailed specifications for the thickness and uniformity of the zinc coating to ensure optimum protection. Mechanical properties Even with galvanized products, the mechanical properties of the base material are largely retained. The standard ensures that the cold formability and strength of the steel are not impaired despite the additional coating. Corrosion resistance and surface quality One of the main advantages of products manufactured in accordance with DIN EN 10152 is their improved corrosion resistance. Electrolytic galvanizing protects the steel from rust and thus increases the service life of the end product. The surface quality also plays a decisive role here and can be supplied in various finishes, such as smooth or textured. Conclusion Cold-rolled flat steel DC01, produced in accordance with the DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 standards, offers a number of advantages for applications in the cold forming process. While DIN EN 10130 defines the basic requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface quality, DIN EN 10152 extends these specifications to include specific conditions for electrolytically galvanized products that offer additional corrosion protection. Both standards together ensure that DC01 is a versatile material with high quality and durability. FOR EN 10130 DC01 CHEMICAL , MECHANICAL DATA SHEET KINDLY VISIT https://www.ladhanimetal.in/page/en-10130-2006-chemical-and-mechanical-composition/689c322d2e585e299cb43798 https://www.ladhanimetal.in/page/en-10130-cold-rolled-flat-sheet-plate-coil-data-sheet-equivalent-grade-and-chemical-and-mechanical-properties/68a45503fc14472bb274df32

Quality Standard Material No. Old designation DC01 DIN EN 10130 1.0330 ST 12-03 Cold-rolled flat steel DC01, according to the standards DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 Cold-rolled flat steel DC01 is a widely used material in the industrial sector, which is used for various applications in the cold forming process due to its excellent properties. The standards DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 are decisive for ensuring the quality and requirements of this material. DC01 according to the DIN EN 10130 standard The DIN EN 10130 standard defines the requirements for cold-rolled flat products made of unalloyed quality steels that are used in the cold forming process. Technical delivery conditions DIN EN 10130 specifies the technical delivery conditions for cold-rolled flat steel. These include the chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface quality. The standard ensures that the products supplied meet the required standards in order to guarantee workability and final quality. Chemical composition The chemical composition of the steel is decisive for its properties and is described in detail in DIN EN 10130. For DC01, the maximum carbon content is 0.12%, while the manganese and phosphorus content is also subject to specific limits. This composition ensures good cold formability and a high surface quality. Mechanical properties DC01 in accordance with DIN EN 10130 has specific mechanical properties that make it ideal for cold forming. These include a minimum tensile strength of 270-410 MPa and a minimum elongation of 28%. These properties allow the steel to be processed into complex shapes without cracking or breaking. Surface quality The surface quality is another aspect of DIN EN 10130. DC01 can be supplied in different surface finishes, such as smooth or matt. These variations allow adaptation to specific requirements of the end application, be it for decorative purposes or further coating processes. DC01+ZE according to the DIN EN 10152 standard The DIN EN 10152 standard extends the requirements of DIN EN 10130 to include specific conditions for electrolytically galvanized products. This standard is crucial for applications in which corrosion protection plays an important role. Technical delivery conditions DIN EN 10152 specifies the technical delivery conditions for electrolytically galvanized, cold-rolled flat products. In addition to the chemical composition and mechanical properties, these conditions also include the specific requirements for the zinc coating. Chemical composition and zinc coating The chemical composition of the base material DC01 generally remains unchanged, but an additional electrolytic zinc coating is applied. This coating is used for corrosion protection and varies in thickness depending on the specific requirements of the application. The standard provides detailed specifications for the thickness and uniformity of the zinc coating to ensure optimum protection. Mechanical properties Even with galvanized products, the mechanical properties of the base material are largely retained. The standard ensures that the cold formability and strength of the steel are not impaired despite the additional coating. Corrosion resistance and surface quality One of the main advantages of products manufactured in accordance with DIN EN 10152 is their improved corrosion resistance. Electrolytic galvanizing protects the steel from rust and thus increases the service life of the end product. The surface quality also plays a decisive role here and can be supplied in various finishes, such as smooth or textured. Conclusion Cold-rolled flat steel DC01, produced in accordance with the DIN EN 10130 and DIN EN 10152 standards, offers a number of advantages for applications in the cold forming process. While DIN EN 10130 defines the basic requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties and surface quality, DIN EN 10152 extends these specifications to include specific conditions for electrolytically galvanized products that offer additional corrosion protection. Both standards together ensure that DC01 is a versatile material with high quality and durability. FOR EN 10130 DC01 CHEMICAL , MECHANICAL DATA SHEET KINDLY VISIT https://www.ladhanimetal.in/page/en-10130-2006-chemical-and-mechanical-composition/689c322d2e585e299cb43798 https://www.ladhanimetal.in/page/en-10130-cold-rolled-flat-sheet-plate-coil-data-sheet-equivalent-grade-and-chemical-and-mechanical-properties/68a45503fc14472bb274df32