Ladhani Metal Corporation offers SS 420 Half Round Tube Shields engineered to protect boiler tubes in power plants, waste heat recovery systems, HRSGs, and industrial steam boilers. Boiler tubes operate in extreme environments, continuously exposed to erosion, flue gas oxidation, and abrasive ash particles. Manufactured from martensitic stainless steel grade SS 420, these shields provide excellent hardness, high mechanical strength, and good oxidation resistance, making them ideal for high-temperature and erosive boiler applications. Function of Boiler Tubes • Carry water or steam through the heating sections of boilers • Exposed to erosion, oxidation, and soot blower impact during operation • Require Half Round Tube Shields in high-velocity flue gas and ash-laden zones Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports SS 420 Half Round Tube Shields in multiple lengths, diameters, and thicknesses to serve domestic and international boiler industries. SS 420 Grade Chemical Composition – Martensitic Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): 0.15 – 0.40% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 1.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.040% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00% • Chromium (Cr): 12.00 – 14.00% • Nickel (Ni): ≤ 0.75% • Iron (Fe): Balance Applications: Well-suited for reheater and superheater sections in thermal power plants, WHRBs, HRSGs, and process boilers requiring high hardness and resistance to oxidation and erosion. Uses • Protects boiler tubes from erosion caused by abrasive flue gases and ash • Shields tubes from soot blower erosion and high-temperature oxidation • Extends service life of superheater and reheater tube components • Applied in utility boilers, HRSGs, WHRBs, and process steam plants Features • High hardness and superior wear resistance • Strong oxidation resistance at elevated boiler temperatures • Good mechanical strength for long-term durability • Precision-engineered for accurate tube fitment and coverage Applications • Power generation boilers – Ensures protection of reheater and superheater tubes • Waste heat recovery boilers – Shields tubes from erosive gas streams • Industrial steam boilers – Reliable under high thermal and erosive cycles • Process boilers – Provides extended life in aggressive operating atmospheres Conclusion The SS 420 Half Round Tube Shield for Boiler Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation delivers robust protection in erosive and high-temperature boiler conditions. With high hardness, strong oxidation resistance, and precision design, these shields extend tube life and minimize maintenance costs. Available in a wide range of export-ready specifications, they are trusted for global boiler applications. For supply and technical inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation.

Ladhani Metal Corporation offers SS 410 Half Round Tube Shields designed to safeguard boiler tubes in power plants, HRSGs, WHRBs, and industrial steam systems. Boiler tubes are exposed to continuous erosion, high-temperature flue gases, and abrasive ash particles that can shorten their service life. Manufactured from martensitic stainless steel grade SS 410, these shields provide high mechanical strength, moderate corrosion resistance, and reliable oxidation resistance, making them suitable for high-temperature boiler operations. Function of Boiler Tubes • Carry water or steam through heating sections of the boiler • Continuously exposed to erosion, oxidation, and abrasive flue gases • Require Half Round Tube Shields in high-velocity and soot blower impact zones Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports SS 410 Half Round Tube Shields in various lengths, diameters, and thicknesses to meet both domestic and international requirements. SS 410 Grade Chemical Composition – Martensitic Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): 0.08 – 0.15% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 1.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.040% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00% • Chromium (Cr): 11.50 – 13.50% • Nickel (Ni): ≤ 0.75% • Iron (Fe): Balance Applications: Suitable for reheater and superheater sections in thermal power plants, waste heat recovery boilers, and industrial steam systems requiring high strength with moderate corrosion and oxidation resistance. Uses • Shields boiler tubes against erosion from high-velocity flue gases • Protects tubes from soot blower erosion and abrasive particles • Extends service life of steam circuit components in high-temperature boilers • Commonly used in utility boilers, WHRBs, HRSGs, and process boilers Features • High mechanical strength at elevated temperatures • Reliable oxidation resistance in hot boiler environments • Moderate corrosion resistance under steam and flue gas exposure • Cost-effective protection with precision-engineered fit Applications • Power generation boilers – Durable protection for reheater and superheater tubes • Waste heat recovery boilers – Guards tubes from high-velocity particle erosion • Industrial steam systems – Performs well in medium-to-high temperature conditions • Process boilers – Ensures extended operational life under erosive atmospheres Conclusion The SS 410 Half Round Tube Shield for Boiler Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation provides a strong, durable, and cost-effective solution for boiler tube protection in erosive and high-temperature environments. With high mechanical strength and reliable oxidation resistance, these shields extend tube life and minimize downtime. Available in a wide range of export-ready specifications, they are trusted by industries worldwide. For supply and technical inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation. #Mumbai #Pune #Ahmedabad #Vadodara #Surat #Rajkot #Jamnagar #Bharuch #Ankleshwar #Vapi #Delhi #Faridabad #Ghaziabad #Noida #Gurugram #Chennai #Coimbatore #Tiruchirappalli #Hyderabad #Visakhapatnam #Vijayawada #Bangalore #Mangalore #Mysore #Kolkata #Durgapur #Asansol #Bhubaneswar #Rourkela #Raipur #Bhilai #Bilaspur #Nagpur #Nashik #Aurangabad #Indore #Bhopal #Jabalpur #Kanpur #Lucknow #Varanasi #Jaipur #Kota #Udaipur #Jodhpur #Chandigarh #Ludhiana #Jalandhar #Haridwar #Dehradun #Agra #Meerut #Aligarh #Moradabad #Bareilly #Mathura #Gwalior #Rewa #Satna #Sagar #Ujjain #Ratlam #Solapur #Kolhapur #Amravati #Akola #Jalgaon #Latur #Sangli #Nanded #Gandhinagar #Bhavnagar #Mehsana #Surendranagar #Junagadh #Nadiad #Nizamabad #Karimnagar #Warangal #Kurnool #Nellore #Tirupati #Madurai #Tirunelveli #Thoothukudi #Belgaum #Hubli #Tumkur #Sambalpur #Jamshedpur #Ranchi #Dhanbad #Patna #Muzaffarpur#halftubeshield #utypehalftubeshield #tubeshieldexporter #TubeShield #HalfTubeShield #SSHalfRoundShield #BoilerTubeShield #BoilerShield #TubeProtection #Tubeshieldmanufacturer #BoilerTubeProtection #SSTubeShield #MetalIndustry #SteelFabrication #IndustrialShielding #SS304Shield #SS316Shield #StainlessSteelShield #WeldOnShield #WeldedTubeShield #TubeCladding #BoilerTubeSleeve #TubeSleeve #MetalFabrication #PowerPlantSupplies #RefineryEquipment #ProcessIndustry #MetalComponent #TubeShieldForBoilers #BoilerParts #SteelSolutions #TubeShieldManufacturer #TubeShieldSupplier #SSShielding #IndustrialTubeShield #BoilerTubeGuard #CustomMetalParts #SteelIndustryIndia #MetalEngineering #HeavyIndustrySupply #StainlessSteelIndia #SteelExporters #MetalComponentExport #FabricatedProducts #SteelDealer #IndustrialSupplyIndia #BoilerTubeFittings #TubeShieldingSolutions #HalfTubeCover #HeatExchangerShield #HalfRoundReheaterShield #ReheaterTubeShield #BoilerReheaterProtection #PowerPlantTubeShield #BoilerErosionShield #SteamBoilerTubeShield #HighTempTubeShield #BoilerWearProtection

Ladhani Metal Corporation offers SS 316L Half Round Tube Shields designed to protect boiler tubes in thermal power plants, HRSGs, WHRBs, and industrial steam systems. Boiler tubes face severe service conditions such as high-temperature flue gas erosion, oxidation, and soot blower impact, which significantly reduce operational life. Manufactured from low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel grade SS 316L, these shields provide excellent corrosion resistance, superior scaling resistance, and improved weldability by minimizing the risk of carbide precipitation during welding. Function of Boiler Tubes • Carry water or steam through heating sections of the boiler • Continuously exposed to high-temperature flue gases, ash, and corrosive particles • Require Half Round Tube Shields in high-erosion, corrosive, and soot blower zones Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports SS 316L Half Round Tube Shields in various lengths, diameters, and thicknesses to cater to both domestic and international requirements. SS 316L Grade Chemical Composition – Austenitic Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.03% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00% • Chromium (Cr): 16.00 – 18.00% • Nickel (Ni): 10.00 – 14.00% • Molybdenum (Mo): 2.00 – 3.00% • Iron (Fe): Balance Applications: Suitable for superheater and reheater tubes in power generation boilers, petrochemical heaters, HRSGs, and waste heat recovery boilers operating in corrosive and high-temperature conditions. Uses • Protects boiler tubes from erosion, oxidation, and flue gas corrosion • Shields tubes against soot blower impact and abrasive ash particles • Extends service life of superheater and reheater components in steam circuits • Applicable in WHRBs, HRSGs, utility boilers, and process steam plants Features • Superior corrosion resistance in oxidizing and chloride-rich atmospheres • Low carbon content reduces sensitization and enhances weldability • Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion due to molybdenum content • Precision-engineered for exact tube curvature and easy installation Applications • Power generation boilers – Long-lasting protection for reheater and superheater tubes • Waste heat recovery boilers – Reliable against particle erosion and scaling • Industrial steam plants – Performs well under fluctuating high-temperature cycles • Petrochemical and chemical heaters – Ensures durability in corrosive environments Conclusion The SS 316L Half Round Tube Shield for Boiler Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation provides long-term, corrosion-resistant protection under demanding boiler conditions. With enhanced weldability, excellent pitting resistance, and reliable high-temperature stability, these shields extend tube service life and reduce maintenance needs. Available in a wide range of export-ready specifications, they are trusted solutions for global power, petrochemical, and industrial sectors. For supply and technical inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation.

Ladhani Metal Corporation offers SS 316 Half Round Tube Shields designed to protect boiler tubes in power plants, HRSGs, WHRBs, and industrial steam systems. Boiler tubes often face high-temperature flue gas erosion, oxidation, and soot blower impact, which can reduce their operational life. Manufactured from molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel grade SS 316, these shields provide excellent resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and scaling in chloride-rich and corrosive boiler atmospheres, making them highly reliable for demanding service conditions. Function of Boiler Tubes • Carry water or steam through heating sections of the boiler • Continuously exposed to high-temperature flue gases, ash, and corrosive deposits • Require Half Round Tube Shields in high-erosion, soot blower, and corrosive zones Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports SS 316 Half Round Tube Shields in customized lengths, diameters, and thicknesses to meet diverse industrial requirements worldwide. SS 316 Grade Chemical Composition – Austenitic Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00% • Chromium (Cr): 16.00 – 18.00% • Nickel (Ni): 10.00 – 14.00% • Molybdenum (Mo): 2.00 – 3.00% • Iron (Fe): Balance Applications: Suitable for superheater and reheater tubes in thermal power stations, waste heat recovery boilers, HRSGs, petrochemical heaters, and steam plants exposed to corrosive flue gases and high operating temperatures. Uses • Protects boiler tubes against high-temperature corrosion and erosion • Shields tubes from soot blower and abrasive particle damage • Extends service life of boiler heating components in corrosive atmospheres • Widely used in WHRBs, HRSGs, and utility boilers requiring extra corrosion resistance Features • Superior resistance to corrosion and scaling in chloride-laden boiler environments • Enhanced pitting and crevice corrosion resistance due to molybdenum content • Excellent mechanical strength and stability at elevated temperatures • Manufactured for precise fit and easy installation Applications • Power generation boilers – Reliable protection for reheater and superheater tubes • Waste heat recovery boilers – Guards tubes against erosion and flue gas deposits • Industrial steam plants – Ensures longer life in corrosive and erosive atmospheres • Petrochemical process heaters – Ideal for chloride-rich and corrosive flue gas conditions Conclusion The SS 316 Half Round Tube Shield for Boiler Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation delivers reliable protection against erosion, scaling, and corrosive damage in harsh boiler environments. Designed with molybdenum-enhanced stainless steel, these shields ensure long service life, reduced maintenance, and superior resistance under severe operating conditions. Available in export-ready specifications, they are a trusted solution for global power, petrochemical, and industrial sectors. For supply and technical support, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation. #Mumbai #Pune #Ahmedabad #Vadodara #Surat #Rajkot #Jamnagar #Bharuch #Ankleshwar #Vapi #Delhi #Faridabad #Ghaziabad #Noida #Gurugram #Chennai #Coimbatore #Tiruchirappalli #Hyderabad #Visakhapatnam #Vijayawada #Bangalore #Mangalore #Mysore #Kolkata #Durgapur #Asansol #Bhubaneswar #Rourkela #Raipur #Bhilai #Bilaspur #Nagpur #Nashik #Aurangabad #Indore #Bhopal #Jabalpur #Kanpur #Lucknow #Varanasi #Jaipur #Kota #Udaipur #Jodhpur #Chandigarh #Ludhiana #Jalandhar #Haridwar #Dehradun #Agra #Meerut #Aligarh #Moradabad #Bareilly #Mathura #Gwalior #Rewa #Satna #Sagar #Ujjain #Ratlam #Solapur #Kolhapur #Amravati #Akola #Jalgaon #Latur #Sangli #Nanded #Gandhinagar #Bhavnagar #Mehsana #Surendranagar #Junagadh #Nadiad #Nizamabad #Karimnagar #Warangal #Kurnool #Nellore #Tirupati #Madurai #Tirunelveli #Thoothukudi #Belgaum #Hubli #Tumkur #Sambalpur #Jamshedpur #Ranchi #Dhanbad #Patna #Muzaffarpur#halftubeshield #utypehalftubeshield #tubeshieldexporter #TubeShield #HalfTubeShield #SSHalfRoundShield #BoilerTubeShield #BoilerShield #TubeProtection #Tubeshieldmanufacturer #BoilerTubeProtection #SSTubeShield #MetalIndustry #SteelFabrication #IndustrialShielding #SS304Shield #SS316Shield #StainlessSteelShield #WeldOnShield #WeldedTubeShield #TubeCladding #BoilerTubeSleeve #TubeSleeve #MetalFabrication #PowerPlantSupplies #RefineryEquipment #ProcessIndustry #MetalComponent #TubeShieldForBoilers #BoilerParts #SteelSolutions #TubeShieldManufacturer #TubeShieldSupplier #SSShielding #IndustrialTubeShield #BoilerTubeGuard #CustomMetalParts #SteelIndustryIndia #MetalEngineering #HeavyIndustrySupply #StainlessSteelIndia #SteelExporters #MetalComponentExport #FabricatedProducts #SteelDealer #IndustrialSupplyIndia #BoilerTubeFittings #TubeShieldingSolutions #HalfTubeCover #HeatExchangerShield #HalfRoundReheaterShield #ReheaterTubeShield #BoilerReheaterProtection #PowerPlantTubeShield #BoilerErosionShield

Ladhani Metal Corporation offers SS 310S Half Round Tube Shields designed to safeguard boiler tubes operating under high-temperature and erosive conditions in power plants, HRSGs, WHRBs, and industrial steam systems. Boiler tubes are constantly exposed to oxidation, flue gas erosion, and soot blower impact, leading to premature wear and reduced efficiency. Manufactured from low-carbon austenitic stainless steel grade SS 310S, these shields provide exceptional oxidation resistance, superior creep strength, and reduced risk of sensitization during welding, making them ideal for prolonged high-temperature service. Function of Boiler Tubes • Carry water or steam through heating sections of the boiler • Exposed to erosion from high-velocity flue gases and ash particles • Require Half Round Tube Shields in soot blower zones and high-temperature erosion areas Ladhani Metal Corporation manufactures, supplies, and exports SS 310S Half Round Tube Shields in multiple lengths, diameters, and thicknesses to meet the requirements of both domestic and international clients. SS 310S Grade Chemical Composition – Austenitic Stainless Steel • Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08% • Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00% • Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045% • Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030% • Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.50% • Chromium (Cr): 24.00 – 26.00% • Nickel (Ni): 19.00 – 22.00% • Iron (Fe): Balance Applications: Well-suited for use in reheater and superheater sections of thermal power plants, waste heat recovery boilers, HRSGs, and industrial boilers operating under extreme thermal and corrosive environments. Uses • Protects boiler tubes against oxidation and flue gas erosion • Shields tubes from soot blower erosion and abrasive particle damage • Extends operational life of superheater and reheater tubes • Used extensively in HRSGs, WHRBs, and large-scale utility boilers Features • Excellent oxidation resistance up to 1100°C • Low carbon content reduces sensitization risk during welding • Superior strength and stability in prolonged high-temperature service • Engineered for precise fit and easy installation Applications • Power generation boilers – Reheater and superheater tube protection in high-erosion zones • Waste heat recovery boilers – Guards tubes from ash-laden flue gas streams • Industrial steam systems – Reliable under continuous high-temperature operation • Petrochemical and refinery heaters – Suitable for oxidizing and carburizing service conditions Conclusion The SS 310S Half Round Tube Shield for Boiler Tubes by Ladhani Metal Corporation provides long-lasting protection under severe high-temperature and erosive conditions. With its low-carbon content and high oxidation resistance, it minimizes sensitization risks while extending the life of boiler tubes. Available in export-ready specifications, these shields are the preferred choice for industries worldwide seeking durability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. For detailed technical information and supply inquiries, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation. #Mumbai #Pune #Ahmedabad #Vadodara #Surat #Rajkot #Jamnagar #Bharuch #Ankleshwar #Vapi #Delhi #Faridabad #Ghaziabad #Noida #Gurugram #Chennai #Coimbatore #Tiruchirappalli #Hyderabad #Visakhapatnam #Vijayawada #Bangalore #Mangalore #Mysore #Kolkata #Durgapur #Asansol #Bhubaneswar #Rourkela #Raipur #Bhilai #Bilaspur #Nagpur #Nashik #Aurangabad #Indore #Bhopal #Jabalpur #Kanpur #Lucknow #Varanasi #Jaipur #Kota #Udaipur #Jodhpur #Chandigarh #Ludhiana #Jalandhar #Haridwar #Dehradun #Agra #Meerut #Aligarh #Moradabad #Bareilly #Mathura #Gwalior #Rewa #Satna #Sagar #Ujjain #Ratlam #Solapur #Kolhapur #Amravati #Akola #Jalgaon #Latur #Sangli #Nanded #Gandhinagar #Bhavnagar #Mehsana #Surendranagar #Junagadh #Nadiad #Nizamabad #Karimnagar #Warangal #Kurnool #Nellore #Tirupati #Madurai #Tirunelveli #Thoothukudi #Belgaum #Hubli #Tumkur #Sambalpur #Jamshedpur #Ranchi #Dhanbad #Patna #Muzaffarpur#halftubeshield #utypehalftubeshield #tubeshieldexporter #TubeShield #HalfTubeShield #SSHalfRoundShield #BoilerTubeShield #BoilerShield #TubeProtection #Tubeshieldmanufacturer #BoilerTubeProtection #SSTubeShield #MetalIndustry #SteelFabrication #IndustrialShielding #SS304Shield #SS316Shield #StainlessSteelShield #WeldOnShield #WeldedTubeShield #TubeCladding #BoilerTubeSleeve #TubeSleeve #MetalFabrication #PowerPlantSupplies #RefineryEquipment #ProcessIndustry #MetalComponent #TubeShieldForBoilers #BoilerParts #SteelSolutions #TubeShieldManufacturer #TubeShieldSupplier #SSShielding #IndustrialTubeShield #BoilerTubeGuard #CustomMetalParts #SteelIndustryIndia #MetalEngineering #HeavyIndustrySupply #StainlessSteelIndia #SteelExporters #MetalComponentExport #FabricatedProducts #SteelDealer #IndustrialSupplyIndia #BoilerTubeFittings #TubeShieldingSolutions #HalfTubeCover #HeatExchangerShield #HalfRoundReheaterShield #ReheaterTubeShield #BoilerReheaterProtection #PowerPlantTubeShield #BoilerErosionShield #SteamBoilerTubeShield #HighTempTubeShield #BoilerWearProtection

Product Name: Titanium seamless pipe for heat exchanger Standard: ASTM B338 Material: Gr1, Gr2 Unit Price: $25usd/kg-$40usd/kg Type: Seamless Shape: Round Outer Diameter: 21.3mm-609.6mm etc. Wall Thickness: 1.24-30mm Length: Max 16000mm Surface: Bright Titanium seamless pipe for heat exchanger The grade 2 titanium tube consists of commercial pure titanium or Unalloyed titanium. The oxygen content of grade 2 is standard. ASTM b861 GR 2 pipes can be easily welded. It also has excellent strength and ductility. The natural strength of metal is used for applications requiring very high strength, and the corrosion resistance is used for long-term appliances. Although most use cases are in industrial standards, titanium grade 2 seamless pipes can also be used in aesthetic and home applications. Due to the cost of raw materials and production costs, the cost is very high. The content of titanium in commercial pure CP grade 2 titanium welded pipe exceeds 99%. It can be cold drawn into titanium seamless pipe or hot rolled into welded pipe. They are used in high temperature applications, such as titanium 2-stage exhaust pipes, which can maintain their shape due to their high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion and high oxidation resistance at high temperatures.

Standard: ASME VIII-I, DIN28013 Material: GR1, GR2, GR5, GR7, GR12 Size: Customized Titanium Dish Head Product Information Other Names: Titanium Elliptical Head, Titanium Spherical Head, Titanium Elliptical End, Titanium Elliptical Cap, Titanium Dished Elliptical Head, Titanium Spherical End, Titanium Elliptical Cap, Titanium Dished Spherical Head etc. Standard: ANSI/ASME, DIN, GB, EN, JIS, MSS, API, BS, AWWA, GOST etc. Grade: GR1, GR2, GR5, GR7, GR12 OD: 300-2500mm Thickness: 2-300mm Production Process: Cold Forming, Hot Forming Surface Treatment: Sand Blasting, Pickling, Coating etc. Application: Heat Exchanger, Condenser, Pressure Vessel, Reactor, Storage Tank, Boiler, Absorber etc

Material: Gr1, Gr2, Gr5, Gr7, Gr12 etc. OD: 150-2500mm Thickness: 30-250mm Production Methods: Forging,annealing and machining Packing: Plywood box Titanium Tubesheet Product Information Titanium tube sheet is a main part of heat exchanger. It is mainly used for supporting column tubes of chemical containers. Titanium tubesheet is widely used in high-end chemical equipment due to its excellent corrosion resistance. In addition to provide the titanium tubesheet which has not been machined, Baoji Lihua also produces the mechanically processed tubesheet according to customers' drawings. We use CNC drilling machine with a rocker drill to effectively ensure the position accuracy, aperture of tolerance and aperture finish, and greatly improve the quality of the tubesheet.

Material: Gr1, Gr2, Gr5, Gr7, Gr12 etc. OD: 150-2500mm Thickness: 30-250mm Production Methods: Forging,annealing and machining Packing: Plywood box Titanium Tubesheet for Heat Exchanger Product Information Tubesheet is a circular plate drilled with holes of the same diameter as the pipe. It is used for the heat exchanger to fix the pipe. An accessory that accomplishes this by passing a pipe through and welding it in place. The precision of tubesheet processing, especially the tolerance of tube hole spacing and diameter, verticality and finish, have a great impact on the assembly and performance of the above-mentioned chemical equipment. With the enlargement of chemical equipment and power stations, the diameter of tubesheets has become larger and larger. Tubesheet with a diameter of 4m-5m is very common. The characteristics of large tubesheet are many tube holes, compactness, small hole diameter, deepness, high precision, and high finish requirements.