Pure Tungsten Sheets/Plates are flat, solid pieces of pure tungsten metal, typically produced in various thicknesses and sizes to meet specific industrial needs. Tungsten, with its exceptional properties, is highly valued in industries where extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, or corrosion resistance are prevalent. Key Characteristics of Pure Tungsten Sheets/Plates: Material Composition: 99.95% Pure Tungsten (W): These sheets or plates are composed entirely of tungsten, with minimal or no impurities, ensuring the full range of tungsten's beneficial properties. High Density:Tungsten has a very high density of around 19.25 g/cm³, making it one of the heaviest metals. This density is beneficial for applications requiring mass and weight in compact forms. Extremely High Melting Point:With a melting point of 3,422°C (6,192°F), tungsten is the highest-melting metal, making it ideal for applications in extreme temperatures such as aerospace and high-temperature manufacturing. Strength and Durability:Pure tungsten is incredibly strong and durable, with tensile strength that can reach up to 1510 MPa. It is highly resistant to wear, deformation, and damage under stress, even in extreme conditions. Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance:Tungsten exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion, oxidation, and other forms of environmental degradation, even at high temperatures, which makes it ideal for long-lasting, reliable use in harsh conditions. Applications of Pure Tungsten Sheets/Plates: Aerospace and Defense: Tungsten plates are used in aerospace components such as rocket nozzles, satellite shielding, and spacecraft parts, due to their ability to withstand extreme heat and pressure.Armor-piercing projectiles and military-grade materials also benefit from tungsten's high density and strength. High-Temperature Applications: Tungsten sheets are commonly used in high-temperature furnaces and other industrial heating equipment where temperatures may exceed normal metal capabilities, such as in hot zones of steel manufacturing or semiconductor production.

Product name: Gr2 Titanium Tubes 25.4mm Standard:ASTM B338 Material:Titanium Gr2 Diameter:5-914mm Wall thickness:0.5-10mm Length:Max 16000mm Surface:Pickling surface/Polished Type:Seamless, welded Application:Heat Exchanger, chemical industry etc. Technique:Rolled Gr2 Titanium Tubes 25.4mm Titanium pipe/titanium alloy pipe has excellent strength, hardness, small density, light weight, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, good machining performance, excellent corrosion resistance, non-magnetic non-toxic, good heat exchange performance. It also has memory and superconductivity. Hydrogen storage performance is very outstanding, the products are widely used in: navigation, aerospace, vacuum salt, automotive industry, medical sports, paper and textile industry, electric power industry, metallurgy industry, chlor-alkali industry, chemical fertilizer industry, seawater desalination industry. 1.Shape: round tube, square tube, spiral tube, coil tube, 2. Standard: ASTM B337, ASTM B338, ASTM B861, ASTM B862 3. Srand: Titanium GR2 4. Specifications: ф (3-159) x (0.2-10.0) x L(500-9000) ф (30-1000) x (0.5-12.0) x L(500-15000) Extruded tube (M state) ф (45-219) x (5.0-30.0) x L 5. Production method: cold rolling, extrusion 6. Testing: ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, water pressure testing, airtight testing Chemical composition (Wt%) ASTM No. Fe max O max N max C max H max Pd Al Bal Grade 2 0.3 0.25 0.03 0.1 0.015 - - Ti Physical Properties (Min) ASTM Grade Alloy Composition Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation min % ksi Mpa ksi Mpa

Product Name: Titanium Anode Basket Material: Gr1, Gr2 Size: Customized Application: Anodizing Electroplating Plating Shape: Rectangular, round and spiral etc. Titanium Anode Baskets For Electroplating Precautions: 1. Titanium anode basket and anode bag are soaked in 10% lye for 6-8 hours, washed with water and dried, and then soaked in 5% dilute sulfuric acid 2. When it is found that the titanium basket hook becomes significantly hot, the number of titanium baskets can be increased or the cross-sectional size of the titanium basket hook can be increased to improve the conductivity of the titanium basket 3. The mouth of the titanium basket should be slightly higher than the liquid level by 30-40mm to prevent the anode slag from flowing out 4. The lower end of the titanium basket should be 100~150mm higher than the part (the side close to the liquid level can be considered to install a shield) to avoid excessive current concentration of the lower part, causing scorching 5. Titanium basket and the anode should be in close contact, otherwise the anode potential on the titanium basket will rise sharply, causing oxygen and chlorine evolution reactions on the surface of the titanium basket, causing damage to the titanium basket and oxidation of additives 6. The anode bag should be tightly packed with the titanium basket, and a few centimeters should be left at the bottom of the bag to store the anode sludge that may be produced. 7. Clean the anode bag and titanium basket every half month to one month, and replace the damaged anode bag to ensure that the plating solution and the plating tank are free from pollution. 8. Replenish or enrich the anode material in time to avoid "overhead" when the amount of nickel is not enough, otherwise the titanium will be eroded. Product Information Material: Gr1, Gr2 Size: Customized Application: Electroplating, anodizing, plating etc. Shape: Rectangular, round and spiral etc. Advantages: Sufficient mechanical strength Good electrical conductivity Light weight Sturdiness and durability Convenient loading and unloading of parts Appropriate loading Can provide customized services LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMBAI, INDIA Company Information Ladhani Metal Corporation. We are committed to integrate engineering steel resources in India and serve the global engineering steel market. Our company has more than 32 years of experience in steel researching, production, managing and sales. In the aspect of resources and information, we have established cooperative and stronger relationship with nearly hundred enterprises, either state-owned or private owned in India. What’s more, we have built long, deep and close business relationship with dozens of steel company, Sharing and holding equities with several steel enterprises. Because of the close cooperation with steel companies and our pioneering spirit, which can ensure us stay at the top competition, and ensure our customers get what they really want! FOR MORE DETAIL CONTACT US AT :- ladhanimetal@gmail.com ladhanimetals@gmail.com www.ladhanimetal.in www.ladhanimetal.com LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMABAI, INDIA, AVAILABLE AT FOLLOWING LOCATION:- Adilabad, Agartala, Agra, Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar, Ajmer, Akola , Aligarh , Alipore , Allahabad , Alleppey , Almora , Alwar , Alwaye , Amalapuram , Amaravati , Ambala , Amreli , Amritsar , Anakapalle , Anand , Anantapur , Andhra Pradesh , Anna Road , Arakkonam , Arunachal Pradesh , Asansol , Aska , Assam , Aurangabad , Azamgarh , Bagalkot , Bahraich , Balaghat , Balangir , Balasore , Ballia , Banasanktha , Banda , Bangalore , Bankura , Barabanki , Barabazaar , Baramulla , Barasat , Bardoli , Bareilly , Barmer , Bastar , Basti , Beawar , Beed , Begusarai , Belgaum , Bellary , Berhampur , Bhadrak , Bhagalpur , Bharatpur , Bharuch , Bhatinda , Bhavnagar , Bhilwara , Bhimavaram , Bhiwani , Bhojpur , Bhopal , Bhubaneswar , Bhusaval , Bidar , Bihar , Bijapur , Bijnor , Bikaner , Bilaspur , Birbhum , 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Uttarakhand , west Bengal WE EXPORT TO FOLLOWING COUTRIES Switzerland , Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , Angola , AntiguaandBarbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Azerbaijan , Bahrain , Bangladesh , Barbados , Belarus , Belgium , Belize , Benin , Bhutan , Bolivia , BosniaandHerzegovina , Botswana , Brazil , Brunei , Bulgaria , BurkinaFaso , Burundi , CaboVerde , Cambodia , Cameroon , Canada , CentralAfricanRepublic , Chad , Chile , China , Colombia , Comoros , Congo , CostaRica , Côted'Ivoire , Croatia , Cyprus , CzechRepublic , Denmark , Djibouti , Dominica , DominicanRepublic , Ecuador , Egypt , ElSalvador , EquatorialGuinea , Eritrea , Eswatini , Ethiopia , Fiji , Finland , France , Gabon , Georgia , Germany , Ghana , Greece , Grenada , Guatemala , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , Guyana , Haiti , Honduras , HongKong , Hungary , Iceland , Indonesia , Iran , Iraq , Ireland , Israel , Italy , Jamaica , Japan , Jordan , Kazakhstan , Kenya , Kiribati , Kosovo , Kuwait , 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Product name: Grade 7 titanium tubes Standard:ASTM B338 ASTM B861 ASTM B862 Material:Titanium Gr7 Diameter:5-914mm Wall thickness:0.5-10mm Length:Max 16000mm Surface:Pickling surface/Polished Type:Seamless, welded Application:Heat Exchanger, chemical industry etc. Technique:Rolled Grade 7 Titanium Tubes Product name: Grade 7 titanium tubes Standard:ASTM B338 ASTM B861 ASTM B862 Material:Titanium Gr7 Diameter:5-914mm Wall thickness:0.5-10mm Length:Max 16000mm Surface:Pickling surface/Polished Type:Seamless, welded Application:Heat Exchanger, chemical industry etc. Technique:Rolled High thermal strength The use temperature is several hundred degrees higher than aluminum alloy, can still maintain the required strength at moderate temperature, can work for a long time at 450500 temperature these two titanium alloys still have high specific strength in the range of 150500, and aluminum alloy at 150 than the strength decreased significantly. Titanium alloys operate at temperatures up to 500, while aluminum alloys operate below 200. Good resistance to corrosion The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy is much better than that of stainless steel when working in humid atmosphere and seawater medium. Resistance to pitting corrosion, acid corrosion, stress corrosion is particularly strong; Excellent corrosion resistance to alkali, chloride, chlorine organic articles, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and so on. But titanium has poor corrosion resistance to reducing oxygen and chromite medium. Good low temperature performance Titanium alloy can keep its mechanical properties at low temperature and ultra low temperature. Titanium alloys with good low temperature performance and very low gap elements, such as TA7, can maintain certain plasticity at -253. Therefore, titanium alloy is also an important low temperature structural material. LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMBAI, INDIA Company Information Ladhani Metal Corporation. We are committed to integrate engineering steel resources in India and serve the global engineering steel market. Our company has more than 32 years of experience in steel researching, production, managing and sales. In the aspect of resources and information, we have established cooperative and stronger relationship with nearly hundred enterprises, either state-owned or private owned in India. What’s more, we have built long, deep and close business relationship with dozens of steel company, Sharing and holding equities with several steel enterprises. Because of the close cooperation with steel companies and our pioneering spirit, which can ensure us stay at the top competition, and ensure our customers get what they really want! FOR MORE DETAIL CONTACT US AT :- ladhanimetal@gmail.com ladhanimetals@gmail.com www.ladhanimetal.in www.ladhanimetal.com LADHANI METAL CORPORATION, MUMABAI, INDIA, AVAILABLE AT FOLLOWING LOCATION:- Adilabad, Agartala, Agra, Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar, Ajmer, Akola , Aligarh , Alipore , Allahabad , Alleppey , Almora , Alwar , Alwaye , Amalapuram , Amaravati , Ambala , Amreli , Amritsar , Anakapalle , Anand , Anantapur , Andhra Pradesh , Anna Road , Arakkonam , Arunachal Pradesh , Asansol , Aska , Assam , Aurangabad , Azamgarh , Bagalkot , Bahraich , Balaghat , Balangir , Balasore , Ballia , Banasanktha , Banda , Bangalore , Bankura , Barabanki , Barabazaar , Baramulla , Barasat , Bardoli , Bareilly , Barmer , Bastar , Basti , Beawar , Beed , Begusarai , Belgaum , Bellary , Berhampur , Bhadrak , Bhagalpur , Bharatpur , Bharuch , Bhatinda , Bhavnagar , Bhilwara , Bhimavaram , Bhiwani , Bhojpur , Bhopal , Bhubaneswar , Bhusaval , Bidar , Bihar , Bijapur , Bijnor , Bikaner , Bilaspur , Birbhum , 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Aka CAS No. 13463-67-7, Titanium (VI) oxide, Titania, Rutile, Anatase, Brookite Titanium Dioxide Chemical Titanium Dioxide, also referred to Titania, has a molecular formula of Ti02 and this mineral compound – a white colored, odorless solid – is available in three different forms. Rutile titanium dioxide is the most common naturally occurring form followed by the anatase form but titanium dioxide can also be produced synthetically. Titanium dioxide is produced from either ilmenite, rutile or titanium slag. The titanium pigment is extracted by using either sulphuric acid (sulphate process) or chlorine (chloride route). The sulphate process employs simpler technology while the chloride route produces a purer product. Titanium Dioxide – classified by CAS No. 13463-67-7 – is mined as a mineral in magmatic rocks. It is non-flammable, non-explosive and titanium dioxide is the most widely used pigment because of its brightness and refractive index. Bulk Chemicals Pallate Over 4 million tons of titanium dioxide are used worldwide every year for a wide array of common applications like paint, coatings, plastics, papers, ink, food (it’s often used to whiten skim milk and to enhance the flavor of nuts, seeds, soup and beer), medicine and toothpaste. Titanium Dioxide is also used in cosmetics and skin care products as a pigment, in sunscreen and sunblock as a thickener to protect the skin from ultraviolet light. Titanium Dioxide, believe it or not, is used to mark the white lines on the tennis courts at Wimbledon. Indeed, titanium dioxide accounts for 70% of the total production of pigments worldwide because “titanium white,” as it’s often called, is one of the whitest materials known to exist on Earth. In fact, titanium dioxide is even more reflective than diamonds!

Product name: Grade 7 titanium tubes Standard:ASTM B338 ASTM B861 ASTM B862 Material:Titanium Gr7 Diameter:5-914mm Wall thickness:0.5-10mm Length:Max 16000mm Surface:Pickling surface/Polished Type:Seamless, welded Application:Heat Exchanger, chemical industry etc. Technique:Rolled Grade 7 Titanium Tubes Product name: Grade 7 titanium tubes Standard:ASTM B338 ASTM B861 ASTM B862 Material:Titanium Gr7 Diameter:5-914mm Wall thickness:0.5-10mm Length:Max 16000mm Surface:Pickling surface/Polished Type:Seamless, welded Application:Heat Exchanger, chemical industry etc. Technique:Rolled Dimension and Tolerance of titanium tube Outside diameter, in.(mm) Diameter tolerance, in.(mm) Permissible variations , wall thinckness, t, % in.(mm) <1 (25.4) ±0.004( ± 0.012) ±10 1-1½(25.4-38.1) ±0.005( ±0.127 ) ±10 1½-2(38.1-50.8) ±0.006( ± 0.152) ±10 2-2½(50.8-63.5) ±0.007( ± 0.178) ±10 2½-3½(63.5-88.9) ±0.010( ± 0.254) ±10 Grade 7 (Ti-0.2Pd) titanium tube Chemical compositions(weight%,<=) Pd Al V Fe C 0.12-0.25 ---- ---- 0.30 0.08 N H O Other(total) Ti 0.05 0.015 0.2 0.4 Remainder Physical properties(>=) Σb Tensile Strength (Mpa) σr0.2 Yield Strength (Mpa) δL0+50mm Elongation (%) ψ Reduction of area (%) 370 250 20 25 The density of titanium alloy is generally about 4.51g/ cubic centimeter, only 60 of steel, the strength of pure titanium is close to the strength of ordinary steel, some high strength titanium alloy exceeds the strength of many alloy structural steel. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much higher than that of other metal structural materials, as shown in Table 7-1. It can produce components with high unit strength, good rigidity and light weight. At present, titanium alloy is used for engine components, skeleton, skin, fasteners and landing gear. High thermal strength The use temperature is several hundred degrees higher than aluminum alloy, can still maintain the required strength at moderate temperature, can work for a long time at 450500 temperature these two titanium alloys still have high specific strength in the range of 150500, and aluminum alloy at 150 than the strength decreased significantly. Titanium alloys operate at temperatures up to 500, while aluminum alloys operate below 200. Good resistance to corrosion The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy is much better than that of stainless steel when working in humid atmosphere and seawater medium. Resistance to pitting corrosion, acid corrosion, stress corrosion is particularly strong; Excellent corrosion resistance to alkali, chloride, chlorine organic articles, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and so on. But titanium has poor corrosion resistance to reducing oxygen and chromite medium. Good low temperature performance Titanium alloy can keep its mechanical properties at low temperature and ultra low temperature. Titanium alloys with good low temperature performance and very low gap elements, such as TA7, can maintain certain plasticity at -253. Therefore, titanium alloy is also an important low temperature structural material.

QUALITU STANDARD MATERIAL NO. OLD DESIGNATION DC04 DIN EN 10130 1.0338 St 14-03 The special deep-drawing grade DC04 is specified in accordance with the standard DIN EN 10130, which focuses on cold-rolled flat products made of soft steels for cold forming. This standard specifies the technical requirements and test methods for cold-rolled products that are important in numerous industrial applications, especially where high formability and excellent surface quality are required. DC04 is a low-carbon steel that impresses with its exceptional cold formability. The chemical composition of DC04 is precisely balanced to ensure that the material has the desired mechanical properties. The carbon content in DC04 is typically a maximum of 0.08 %, while the manganese content is a maximum of 0.40 %. This composition supports the high formability and weldability of the steel, making it ideal for demanding forming processes. The mechanical properties of DC04 are characterized by a low yield strength of maximum 210 MPa and a tensile strength between 270 and 350 MPa. Particularly noteworthy is the high elongation at break of at least 38%, which illustrates the excellent formability of the material. These properties make DC04 a preferred choice for the production of complex components that require high precision and surface quality, such as car body components in the automotive industry or filigree parts in the electronics industry. The DIN EN 10130 standard also specifies the tolerances for dimensions, shape and surface finish. These tolerances are crucial to ensure consistently high product quality and to meet the requirements of end users. The surface of the cold-rolled flat products can be supplied in various qualities, from matt to high-gloss, to meet the specific requirements of different applications. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies electrolytically galvanized, cold-rolled flat steel products for cold forming, including the special deep-drawing grade DC04. This standard defines the requirements for the zinc coating and the basic mechanical properties of the base material. DC04, when electrolytically galvanized in accordance with DIN EN 10152, is given an additional corrosion protection layer of zinc. This layer protects the material from oxidative influences and significantly increases the service life of the components made from it. The zinc coating can be applied in various thicknesses, depending on the specific requirements of the application. Typical coating thicknesses range from 5 to 20 µm. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of the base material DC04 remain unchanged even after galvanizing and meet the requirements of DIN EN 10130. DC04 therefore retains its excellent cold formability and mechanical performance. In addition to mechanical performance, the quality of the zinc coating is of central importance. The DIN EN 10152 standard specifies the requirements for the uniformity of the coating, the adhesive strength of the zinc and the surface quality. These requirements ensure that the galvanized products offer high corrosion resistance and an aesthetically pleasing surface. The use of DC04 in accordance with DIN EN 10152 is widespread in the automotive industry, the construction industry and in the manufacture of household appliances, where improved corrosion resistance is required in addition to high formability. Electrolytic galvanizing offers optimum protection here without impairing the excellent mechanical properties of the base material. DC04 and DC01 are both cold-rolled, unalloyed quality steels that are used for various industrial applications. While DC01 serves as the standard grade for general cold forming processes, DC04 is characterized by improved deep-drawing properties and higher ductility. This comparison highlights the differences between the two materials in terms of chemical composition, mechanical properties and typical applications. Chemical composition The chemical composition influences the formability and weldability of the steel. Both steels are made of carbon steel, but DC04 has a lower carbon content, which supports its improved cold formability. Thanks to the lower carbon and Sulphur content, DC04 offers improved deep-drawing capability as less intergranular embrittlement occurs. Mechanical properties The mechanical properties are decisive for the forming processes and the behavior of the steel under load. DC04 has a lower yield strength and higher elongation, which makes the material easier to form. The lower yield strength and increased minimum elongation of DC04 make this material ideal for demanding forming processes such as deep drawing.

DIN 2576 Monel Flanges PN 10 are high-integrity, slip-on flanges manufactured from corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloys, specifically designed for demanding low to medium-pressure applications. Compliant with the DIN 2576 standard, these flanges provide exceptional resistance to seawater, acids, alkalis, and corrosive chemicals, making them ideal for highly corrosive industrial environments. The slip-on design allows the flange to be positioned over the pipe and welded in place, ensuring precise alignment and long-term mechanical stability. Ladhani Metal Corporation is a trusted manufacturer and international supplier of Monel flanges, producing components that meet rigorous dimensional, metallurgical, and quality standards. DIN 2576 Monel flanges are widely used in marine, chemical, and oil and gas industries, where material durability and corrosion resistance are critical. Pressure Rating: • PN 10 (10 bar / 145 psi): Designed for systems requiring stable operation under moderate pressures in fluid and gas transport environments. Flange Types: • Slip-On Flanges Facilitate easy assembly by slipping over the pipe and welding on both sides to ensure a leak-proof and secure joint. • Flat Face (FF) Flanges Designed for use with flat gaskets and mating surfaces, offering even pressure distribution and sealing performance, particularly with brittle or non-metallic materials. Monel Grades and Composition: Monel 400 (UNS N04400) Composition: • Nickel (Ni): ≥ 63.0% • Copper (Cu): 28.0 – 34.0% • Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Silicon (Si), Carbon (C): Trace amounts Applications: Monel 400 is well-known for its outstanding resistance to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalis. It is widely used in marine engineering, chemical processing, and heat exchangers. Monel K500 (UNS N05500) Composition: • Nickel (Ni): ≥ 63.0% • Copper (Cu): ~30.0% • Aluminum (Al): 2.3 – 3.15% • Titanium (Ti): 0.35 – 0.85% Applications: Monel K500 offers the same corrosion resistance as Monel 400 but with significantly higher strength and hardness due to age-hardening. It is ideal for high-stress applications such as pump shafts, valve components, and marine fasteners. Applications of DIN 2576 Monel Flanges: • Marine and Offshore Engineering Ideal for seawater exposure, ballast systems, and structural applications in shipbuilding and offshore platforms. • Chemical and Petrochemical Processing Used in piping systems exposed to strong acids, caustics, and other corrosive agents. • Oil and Gas Industry Suitable for sour gas (H₂S) environments, offshore drilling equipment, and refining systems. • Heat Exchangers and Condensers Monel's thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance make it suitable for tube sheets and connecting flanges. • Power Generation Applied in cooling systems, boiler feedwater lines, and other aggressive service environments. • Aerospace and Defense Used in fuel and hydraulic systems where resistance to corrosion and stress cracking is required. Key Features: • Manufactured according to DIN 2576 specification • PN 10 pressure rating for low to medium-pressure fluid systems • Exceptional resistance to seawater, acids, alkalis, and chlorides • Available in Monel 400 and Monel K500 grades • Slip-on design enables easy installation and welding • Flat face versions for compatibility with flat gaskets and brittle materials • Excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance • Custom dimensions, finishes, and face types available upon request Conclusion: DIN 2576 Monel Flanges PN 10 from Ladhani Metal Corporation deliver high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength for aggressive environments where conventional materials fail. With availability in Monel 400 and K500 grades, these flanges are suitable for marine, oil & gas, and chemical applications. For technical support, project consultation, or custom orders, contact Ladhani Metal Corporation today.

DIN 2543 flanges are designed to meet the DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung) standard, and duplex flanges refer to flanges made from duplex stainless steel alloys. Duplex stainless steel is a hybrid material, combining both austenitic and ferritic microstructures. This gives duplex steels a unique combination of strength and corrosion resistance that is superior to regular stainless steel. Material: Typically made from Duplex Stainless Steel grades such as 2205 or 2507. Pressure Rating (PN16): Rated for 16 bar (approx. 232 psi) at 20°C (68°F), making them suitable for medium-pressure applications. Key Features of DIN 2543 Duplex Flanges: Corrosion Resistance: Duplex stainless steel offers superior resistance to corrosion in aggressive environments, such as in chloride, sulfuric acid, and seawater. This makes it ideal for marine, chemical, and industrial environments. Strength: Duplex steels combine the strength of ferritic steel with the corrosion resistance of austenitic steel, offering higher strength than regular stainless steel while maintaining good toughness. Durability: Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, ensuring long-term durability in harsh conditions. Weldability: While duplex flanges are weldable, the welding process must be carefully controlled to prevent issues like sensitization or intermetallic phases. Types of Duplex Flanges (DIN 2543): Weld Neck Flanges (WN): These flanges have a tapered neck for welding directly to pipes, providing extra strength and durability in high-pressure applications. Slip-On Flanges (SO): These are easy to install and are placed over the pipe, then welded inside and outside. Blind Flanges (BL): Used to close the end of a pipe or system, preventing fluid flow. Socket Weld Flanges (SW): These flanges have a socket into which the pipe is inserted and then welded, commonly used for small-bore systems. Lap Joint Flanges (LJ): These are paired with a lap joint stub end and allow for easy alignment and disassembly. Common Duplex Stainless Steel Grades for Flanges: Grade 2205: Composition: Contains approximately 22% chromium, 5% nickel, and 3% molybdenum. Properties: Excellent corrosion resistance, especially to pitting and crevice corrosion. High strength and good weldability. Applications: Used in chemical, petrochemical, and marine applications. Grade 2507 (Super Duplex): Composition: Contains 25% chromium, 7% nickel, and 4% molybdenum. Properties: Superior corrosion resistance and strength compared to 2205. Ideal for extremely aggressive environments. Applications: Used in seawater, desalination plants, and high-pressure industrial applications. Pressure Rating (PN16): PN16 refers to the pressure rating of 16 bar (or approximately 232 psi) at 20°C (68°F). Applications: Duplex flanges with a PN16 rating are suitable for medium-pressure systems in industries such as chemical processing, oil & gas, water treatment, and marine environments. Conclusion: DIN 2543 Duplex flanges are a reliable solution for medium-pressure applications (PN16) requiring high strength and exceptional resistance to corrosion.